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General Pathology Exam 4 > Infectious CNS Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious CNS Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms cause Acute pyogenic (bacterial) meningitis?

A
  • Neisseria meningitides
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
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2
Q

How do you diagnose Bacterial Meningitis?

A
  • CSF cloudy - due to inc #s of nuetrophils
  • CSF protein leveles inc.
  • [glucose] fall
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3
Q

What is the most common cause of Meningitis?

A

Aseptic (Viral) Meningitis

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4
Q

What are the causative organisms of Aseptic (Viral) Meningitis?

A
  • Enteroviruses (echoviruses, Coxsackie viruses, polioviruses)
  • Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)
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5
Q

How do you diagnose Aseptic (Viral) Meningitis?

A
  • CSF is clear & colorless
  • Excess lymphocytes
  • Moderately inc. protein
  • Normal [glucose]
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6
Q

What are the Etiologys of Brain Absecess? (6)

A
  • Middle Ear Infection (60%) - results in temporal lobe and cerebellar abcesses
  • Frontal Sinusitis Infection (20%) - results in frontal lobe abscess
  • Bacteriema/Septicemia (10%) - usually results in frontal lobe abscess
  • Penetrating Skull Trauma
  • Secondary to Meningitis
  • Odontogenic Infections
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7
Q

What are the causative organisms of Brain Abscess?

A
  • Streptococcus viridans
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Klebsiella
  • May also be caused by fungal infection
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8
Q

What are 4 Complications of Brain Abscess?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Intracranial Herniation
  • Focal Neurological Deficit
  • Epilepsy
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9
Q
  • Almost always 2o to TB elsewhere in the body
    • Infection usually reaches the CNS via the bloodstream
A

Tuberculous Meningitis​

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10
Q

What is the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis Meningitis?

A
  • Granulomatus Inflammation affects the:
    • Basal Meninges
    • Large Arteries
    • CNs
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11
Q

What is the causative organism in Chronic Meningitis?

A
  • Neisseria Meningitidis
  • Rare condition, in middle aged and elderly
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12
Q

What is the causative organism of Lyme Disease?

A
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
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13
Q

Lyme Disease is a systemic illness characterized by what?

A
  • Skin Lesions
  • Neurological features:
    • Arthralgia
    • Headache
    • Neck Stiffness
    • Cranial Neuropathy
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14
Q

What is the causative organism of Neurosyphilis?

A
  • Treponema pallidum
    • ​caused by invasion of the CNS, weeks, months, or years after initial infection
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15
Q

What are the 4 disorders of Arboviruses?

A
  • West Nile Encephalitis
  • St. Louis Encephalitis
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis
  • Western Equine Encephalitis
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16
Q

What Arbovirus disorder has the highest mortality rate?

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (33%)

17
Q

What is the most common agent of severe Viral Encephalitis, although an uncommon complication of this infection?

A

Herpes Simplex (Type 1 or 2)

18
Q

1% of Poliomyelitis cases result in CNS involement, what is the characterization of this?

A
  • Degeneration and Necrosis of Anterior Horn Cells of the spinal cord
  • Leading to muscle weakness and Acute Symmetric Paralysis (mostly legs)
19
Q

Eosinophilic, sharply outlined, inculsion bodies found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing Rabies Virus, and are considered to be Pathognomic.

A

Negri Bodies

20
Q

What is the causative organism of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalopathy?

A

Persistant infection with an altered measles virus

21
Q

What is the causative organism of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

A

JC Polyoma Type of Papovavirus

22
Q

What is Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) often associated with?

A
  • AIDS
  • CLL
  • Carcinoma
  • SLE
23
Q

What is the causative organisms of Fungal infections?

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
    • ​can produce ds in the absence of immunosuppression
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Candida albicans
  • Phycomycosis
    • commonly affects uncontrolled diabetics
24
Q

What is the causative organism of Toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

25
Q

Prion Diseases are anatomically defined by the finding of what?

A
  • Spongiform Encephalopathy (spongiosis)
    • Characterized by clusters of small cysts in CNS gray matter along with a striking absence of inflammatory response
  • Long incubation period
  • Progressive Course
26
Q

Name 2 Examples of Prion Diseases?

A
  • Kuru
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Ds
27
Q
  • Characterized by:
    • Ataxia
    • Rapidly Progressive Dementia
    • Death
  • Incubation area of up to 30 years
  • Always fatal, usually within 6 months
  • Spongiosis is Prominent
A

Creutfeldt-Jakob Ds (subacute spongifor encephalopathy)

28
Q
A

General Pathology Exam 4 (7 decks)

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