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2H. Microbiology > Infectious Agents that cause Diarrhea > Flashcards

Infectious Agents that cause Diarrhea Flashcards

To discuss bacterial agents causing diarrhea, specifically the following: –Escherichia colistrains –Salmonella –Shigella –Vibrio –Campylobacter –Clostridium –Bacillus cereus

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

facultative gram-negative rods

  • lactose-fermentingcolonies on EMB or MacConkey’sagar
  • green sheen on EMB agar
  • typing by O and H antigens
A

Escherichia Coli

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2
Q

LACTOSE FERMENTERS

A

Nmemonics:LaCtose is KEE

. Grow in MacConKEE’s agar.

Citrobacter

Klebsiella

Escherichia coli

Enterobacter

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3
Q

Escherichia coli HABITAT and TRANSMISSION

•habitat is __________

A

human colon

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4
Q

Escherichia coli HABITAT and TRANSMISSION

colonizes the _____ and __________

A

vagina and urethra

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5
Q

•transmission of E.coli

A

–ascending infection in UT

I –during birth in neonatal meningitis

–fecal–oral route in diarrhea

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6
Q

Escherichia coli PATHOGENESIS

A
  • pili
  • flagellum (H)
  • capsule (K)
  • endotoxin(O)
  • enterotoxins
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7
Q

•enterotoxins of E. coli

A

–HSTand HLTcause watery diarrhea

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8
Q

–verotoxin(Shiga-like)causes bloody diarrhea _____

A

( HUS)

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9
Q

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE

A

Think MESSY SPECK!

Morganella

Serratia

Escherichia

Proteus

Shigella

Enterobacter

Salmonella

Citrobacter

Yersinia

Klebsiella

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10
Q

Enterobacteriaceaedrink COFFEe!

A

Capsular antigen (K)

Oantigen

Flagellarantigen (H)

Ferments glucose

Enterobacteriaceae

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11
Q

•URINARY TRACT INFECTION

–most common cause of community-acquired UTI

•NEONATAL MENINGITIS –2ndmost common cause

A

Escherichia coli SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

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12
Q

NEONATAL MENINGITIS

A

Nmemonic: B –E –L

Bgroup streptococci (S. agalactiae)

Escherichia coli

Listeriamonocytogenes

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13
Q

What is the strain of E.coli that cause watery diarrhea?

A

ETEC

(Entero Toxigenic E. coli)

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14
Q

What is the strain of E.coli that cause long duration of diarrhea, mostly in infants and often in developing country?

A

EnteroPATHOGENIC E.coli

**( EPEC) **

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15
Q

E.coli strain that cause bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and HUS?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

(EHEC)

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16
Q

What strain of E.coli that cause bloody diarrhea?

A

EnteroINVASIVE E.coli

EIEC

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17
Q

What strain of E.coli that cause PERSISTENT WATERY DIARRHEA in children and in patients with HIV?

A

EnteroAdherent E.coli

EAEC

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18
Q

Escherichia coli TREATMENT and PREVENTION

A

•TREATMENT –Ampicillinor sulfonamides for UTI –3°cephalosporinsfor meningitis and sepsis

–Rehydration is effective in traveler’s diarrhea

•PREVENTION –limiting urinary catheterization, switching IV lines promptly, drinking boiled water

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19
Q

CHARACTERISTICS

  • facultative gram-negative rods
  • non-lactose-fermenting
  • produces H2S
  • Wida ltest detects antibodies in patient’s serum
  • cultured in XLD medium
A

Salmonella spp.

20
Q

What serologic tests Salmonella spp antibodies in patient’s serum,?

A

Widal test

21
Q

Salmonella spp. HABITAT and TRANSMISSION

•HABITAT –__________

A

human colon only (S. typhi)

NOTE : –enteric tract of humans and animals

, e.g., chickens and domestic livestock (S. enteritidis)

22
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted?

A

TRANSMISSION –fecal–oral route

23
Q

Salmonella spp. PATHOGENESIS

•enterocolitis(S. enteritidis/ S. typhimurium)

A

•enterocolitis(S. enteritidis/ S. typhimurium)

–invasion of the epithelial and subepithelialtissue of the small and large intestines

–infectious dose is high

•gastrectomyor use of antacids lowers the infectious dose significantly

24
Q

Salmonella spp. PATHOGENESIS •typhoid fever (S. typhi)

A

–due to Vi (virulence) capsular antigen

–organisms enter, multiply in Peyer’spatches, and then spread to reticulo-endothelial system

–predilection for invasion of the gallbladder, which can result in establishment of the chronic carrier state

25
Q

•septicemia (S. choleraesuis

A

–bacteremiaresults in the seeding of many organs, with osteomyelitis,pneumonia, and meningitisas the most common sequelae

–commonly in patients with sickle cell anemia or cancer

26
Q

Salmonella spp. SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

–incubation period of 12–48 hours

–nausea and vomiting and then progresses to abdominal pain and non-bloody diarrhea

A

•ENTEROCOLITIS

27
Q

What are the spectrum of diseases of Salmonella

A
  1. Enterocolitis ( S. enteritidis or typhimirium)
  2. typhoid fever ( S. typhi)
  3. Septicemia ( S. choleraesuis)
28
Q

What is the incubation fever of enterocolitis in Salmonella?

A

12 -48

29
Q

TYPHOID FEVER –incubation period _________

Week Presentation Culture Source

A

5 to 21 days

30
Q

WEEK 1 stepwise fever, anorexia, malaise, relative bradycardia and bacteremia : Culture source___________

Week 2 abdominal pain, bloating,constipation, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice: Culture source __________

Week 3 bleeding ,ileitis, pneumonia: Culture source:______________

Week 4 recovery or death: culture source :

POST chronic carrier state ____________

A

Blood, bone marrow

Urine, rose spots, bone marrow

Stool, bone marrow

Bone marrow

Bile, stool, bone marrow

31
Q

Rose spots

A

Salmonella typhi

32
Q

Salmonella spp. SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

______________–fever but little or no enterocolitisand then proceeds to focal symptoms associated with the affected organ

–frequently bone, lung, or meninges

A

•SEPTICEMIA

33
Q

Salmonella spp. TREATMENT and PREVENTION

  • TREATMENT
  • PREVENTION –public health measures, e.g., sewage disposal, chlorination, hand washing, food safety –vaccines for S. typhi
A

–Ceftriaxone –Philippines:

amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole

34
Q

CHARACTERISTICS

•non-lactose-fermenting

,gram-negative rods

  • produce no gas from the fermentation of glucose
  • do not produce H2S
  • non-motile
  • have O antigen

s •cultured in XLD medium

A

Shigellaspp.

35
Q

Shigellaspp.

HABITAT and TRANSMISSION

A
  • HABITAT –human colon only
  • TRANSMISSION –fecal–oral route
36
Q

SHIGELLA TRANSMISSION

A

4 Fs

Food

Fingers

Feces

Flies

37
Q

Shigellaspp. PATHOGENESIS

•Shigellainvade the distal ileum and colon

_______________________

A

–low infectious dose (highly infectious)

–local inflammation accompanied by ulceration

38
Q

_______________________

•most common cause of bacillary dysentery

A

–Shigellasonnei–Duval’s bacillus

39
Q

____________________

  • most severe form of bacillary dysentery
  • most common cause of epidemic dysentery
A

–Shigelladysenteriaetype 1 –Shiga bacillus

40
Q

•some produce an enterotoxin(______________

A

Shiga toxin)

41
Q

Eponyms

•Group A –

A

Shigella dysenteriae

–Shigelladysenteriaetype I –Shiga bacillus

–Shigelladysenteriaetype 2 –Schmitz bacillus

” A.D”

42
Q

•Group B –_______________

”

A

–Shigellaflexneri

  • –Flexner’s bacillus;
  • Hiss
  • Russell’s bacillus

” Boyfriend”

43
Q

•Group C

A

–Shigellaboydii

  • –Newcastle Manchester bacillus

“CowBoy”

44
Q

•Group D ___________

A

–Shigellasonnei

  • –Duval’s bacillus

” Dad and Son”

45
Q

Shigellaspp. SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

_____________ –incubation period: 1–4 days

–fever and abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhea, initially watery then bloody

–diarrhea frequently resolves in 2 or 3 days

A

•BACILLARY DYSENTERY

46
Q

Shigellaspp. TREATMENT and PREVENTION

A

•TREATMENT –fluid and electrolyte replacement

–in severe cases, ciprofloxacin

•PREVENTION –public health measures, e.g., sewage disposal, chlorination, hand washing, food safety

47
Q
A

2H. Microbiology (9 decks)

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