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TCM Exam 2 > Infectious Agents > Flashcards

Infectious Agents Flashcards

1
Q

virus membrane/ cell wall

A

protein capsid

some have host cell envelope

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2
Q

bacteria membrane/ cell wall

A

G + thick peptidoglycan

Sterols: mycolic acids in crynebacteria, mycobacteria and nocardia; cholesterol in terponemes & borrelia

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3
Q

Fungi membrane/ cell wall

A

ergesterol

chitin

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4
Q

What is obligate intracellular?

A

all viruses

bacteria: clamydia, rickettsia, coxiella, erlichiae, anaplasma and some mycobacteria (M. leprae)

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5
Q

What is the domain of fungi and parasites?

A

eukaryotes

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6
Q

Prions

A

PrP sc converts to PrP c proteins

Version: Kuru, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, Bovine spongioform encephalopathy (can end up as a variant of CJD), Scrapie (goats scraping themselves)

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7
Q

Normal flora found where?

A

skin, nasopharynx, oral cavity, vagina, colon

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8
Q

Routes of microbial infection

A

skin, gi tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract

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9
Q

B cell defects –>

A

bacteria (specially encapsulated), giardia and some viruses

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10
Q

deficiency of C1, 2 or 4

A

Encapsulated bacteria (S. penumo)

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11
Q

deficiency of C3

A

encapsulated bacteria

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12
Q

deficiency of C5,6,7,8 or 9

A

Neisseria (gonococcus and meningococcus)

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13
Q

deficiency of neutrophil function

A

S. aureus, gram neg. bacteria, fungi

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14
Q

deficiency of toll-like receptor signaling

A

susceptible to S. pneumo, viruses

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15
Q

T cell defects

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

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16
Q

phagocytosis defect or splenectomy / sickle cell anemia susceptible to?

A

susceptible to encapsulated bacteria

17
Q

splenectomy patients need vaccinated against

A

encapsulated bacteria!

pneumococcal, etc.

18
Q

example of suppurative (purulent) infection

A

staphylococcal pneumonia

19
Q

Examples of mononuclear and granulomatous inflammation

A

syphilis (mononuclear cell infiltrates)

tuberculosis (formation of granulomata)

20
Q

Example of cytopathic-cytoproliferative reaction

A

herpes virus

21
Q

Example of tissue necrosis pathogen

A

clostridium perfringens

22
Q

example of chronic inflammation/ scarring

A

chronic hepatitis (cirrhosis)

23
Q

example of something that elicits no immune reaction

A

mucormycosis in bone marrow transplant patients

24
Q

Rapid Testing in Microbiology- direct microscopy

A

Gram for bacteria and fungi
H&E and Papanicolaou stains for viral changes, fungi and bacteria
Auromine-rhodamine immunofluorescence for mycobacteria and cryptosporidium
Calcofluor white stain for fungi
Acid fast stain for mycobacteria
Silver stains for fungi, spirochetes, pneumocystis
PAS stain for fungi
Mucicarmine stain or India ink for cryptococcus capsule
Giemsa stain for parasites and campylobacter

25
Q

rapid testing in microbiology: antigen/ antibody detection

A 
Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) – giardia, cryptosporidium, 
Direct fluorescent antibody and latex agglutination – bordetella, legionella, pneumocystis, treponema, group A or B streptococci
26
Q

rapid testing– molecular detection

A

Nucleic acid probes and nucleic acid amplification – chlamydia, gonococcus, tuberculosis, CNS infections (herpes, Epstein-Barr, varizella zoster, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus)

27
Q

rapid testing- serology

A

Bacteria (helicobacter, bordetella, borrelia, pneumococcus, treponema), viruses (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis viruses, CMV, HIV, etc.), fungi (blastomyces, histoplasma, coccidioides, etc), parasites (toxoplasma, girardia, babesia, etc.)

28
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration

A

The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation

Key words: ** after overnight **

29
Q

Catalase (+)

A

staphylococci

S. aureus, e.g.

30
Q

Catalase (-)

A

streptococcus (and enterococcus)

S. epidermides, e.g.

31
Q

Hemolysis

A 
used for streptococci
Blood agar plate
alpha = partial (green)
beta = total
gamma = no hemolysis
32
Q

Fermenter

A

Lac (+) E. Coli, Enterobacter and Klebsiella

33
Q

Sabouraud dextrose

A

culture for fungi

TCM Exam 2 (15 decks)

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