Infectious Flashcards
1
Q
HPV
Type of Virus
A
dsDNA
2
Q
HPV-virulence and growth factors
A
E1-7
E5,6,7 -> amplification
E6: destroys p53 (tumor suppressor)-> proliferation
E7: Binds to RB (stops inhibition of E2F)-> proliferation
L1-L2
3
Q
Palmo/plantar warts
A
HPV 1, 2, 4, 27, 57
4
Q
Flat warts
A
HPV- 3, 10, 28, 41
5
Q
Butcher’s warts
A
HPV- 2, 7
6
Q
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
A
HPV 5, 8 (associated with AK, SCC)
3, 9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 25, 36, 38
Genetic Mutations EVER1 (TMC6) and EVER2 (TMC8)
7
Q
Syndromes with HPV
A
Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, Myelokathexis (CXCR-4)
Warts, Immunodeficiency, Lymphedema, Dysplasia (anogenital)
8
Q
Most Common STD
A
genital HPV
9
Q
High Risk HPV
A
16, 18, 31, 33, 45
10
Q
HPV Vaccines and Strains
A
Quadrivalent (6,11,16,18)
Nine Valent (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58)
11
Q
Epithelioma cuniculatum
A
HPV 2, 11, 16
12
Q
Oral warts
A
HPV 6, 11
13
Q
Heck’s disease
A
HPV-13, 32
14
Q
Human Herpes Virus
A
linear dsDNA
15
Q
herpetic sycosis
A
hsv folliculitis
16
Q
HSV Laboratory Detection
A
PCR (most sensitive/specific)
Chowdry A inclusions on histology
17
Q
HSV treatment
A
Suppressive thearpy if > 6 outbreaks per year
18
Q
HHV-3
A
Varicella zoster virus
Transmission aerosolized droplets
chickenpox: crops in various stages
19
Q
Congenital Varicella
A
First 20 weeks of gestation
CNS, ocular and limb abnormalities
VZIG for mom!
20
Q
disseminated VZV
A
> 20 lesions outside a dermatome
21
Q
Ramsay Hunt
A
Geniculate ganglion (facial nerve-VII)
tympanic membrane
facial paralysis
loss of taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
22
Q
Hutchinson’s sign
A
V1 (nasociliary branch of CN-V)
Uveitis, keratitis (2)
23
Q
Primary Varicella-Rx
A
Within 3 days of lesion onset
iv acyclovir for immunocompromised
oral in healthy children and adults
24
Q
Varicella Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
A
Vaccination: 72-120 hours after exposure in non-immune immunocompetent
VZIg: within 96 hourse in immunosuppressed, pregnant and neonates
25
Varicella Zoster- Rx
Within 72 hours
decreased PHN in \>50 years old w/ Rx
Vaccines also decrease PHN
steroids do not decrease PHN
26
HHV-4
Ebstein-Barr virus
27
EBV associated diseases
Infectious Mononucelosis
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Burkitt's lymphoma?
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Extranodal NK cell lymphoma
Hydroavacciniforme
HV associated lymphoma
Gianotti Crosti
28
HHV-5
CMV
29
CMV-Diagnosis
Fibroblast Culture
30
EBV-Rx
None
CMV-Gancyclovir
31
HHV-6
Affects T-Cells
Roseola Infantum
Exanthum Subitum
Sixth Disease
32
HHV-7
a/w pityriasis rosea and some exanthem subitum
33
HHV-8
Kaposi's sarcoma
Multi-centric Castleman
Primary effusion lymphoma
34
Poxviruses
dsDNA
Smallpox (variola) (Orthopox)
Vaccinia (Orthopox)
Monkeypox (Orthopox)
Cowpox (Orthopox)
Orf (Parapox)
Paravaccinia (Parapox)= milker's nodules
Molluscum (Molluscipox)
35
Chikungunya
ssRNA
Togaviridae
Aedes (vector)
36
Zika
ssRNA
Flaviviridae
Aedes
Timeline to conception for Traveling
Female (2 months)
Male (3 months)
37
Dengue
ssDNA
Flavivirdae
Aedes
38
Diagnosis?
Trichodysplasia spinulosa
39
CMV and HSV
Colonizer of HSV lesions if CD4 \< 50
40
Differential for Molluscum like lesion
Cryptococcus
Coccidioides
Histoplasmosis
Penicillium marneffei
41
HIV
CD4 \< 200
KS
Eosinophillic folliculitis
Apthae
bacillary angiomatosis
disseminated coccidiomycosis
histoplasmosis
crusted scabies
CD 4\< 100
cryptococcus
42
HIV CD4 \< 500
psoriasis
herpes zoster
HPV
HSV
staph
candida
43
HIV CD4 \> 500
Seborrheic dermatitis
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Vaginal candidiasis
44
Anti-retroviral lipodystrophy
protease inhibitors (-navir)
45
Bullous Impetigo
S. Aureus
phage group II (types 55 and 71)
46
Impetigo
S. aureus \> Strep pyogenes
47
Gram negative folliculitis Rx
isotretinoin
48
Abscesses, furuncles, carbuncles
culprit?
S. aureus
commonly MRSA
49
MRSA factoids
Resistance mechanism:
mecA gene (encodes PBP2a)
Virulence factor (Panton-Valentine leukocidin)
50
SSSS
phage group II (types 55 and 71)
encodes exfoliatoxin A and B -\> cleavage of DSG1
51
S-TSS
Pathogenesis
Syndrome: High fever, rash, hypotension
Blood Cultures often negative
Mortality (3-20%) vs Strep TSS (30-60%)
TSST-1: superantigen (VB region on TCR) which leands to nonspecific T-Cell activation and cytokine storm
52
Pyomyositis
S. Aureus skeletal muscle infection
53
Ecthyma
Strep pyogenes
Punched out ulcers
54
Group A Strep
Strep pyogenes
Strep dysgalactiae
55
Perianal Strep treatment of choice
cefuroxime
56
Blistering distal dactylitis
S. pyogenes \> S. aureus
57
Scarlet fever: TOC
penicillin, erythromycin (if pcn allergic)
58
Strep TSS
Primary source=skin infection (eg necrotizing fasciitis)
Strep A, B, C pyrogenic toxins
Superantigens
59
Meleney's gangrene
postoperative nec fasc: polymicrobial
60
Erythrasma
C. minnitissum
coproporphyrin III (coral)
61
Trichomycosis axillaris
C. tenuis
Rx: shaving or topical erythromyin
62
C. perfringens
toxins
Gram + rod (anaerobic)
a-toxin (lipid cleavage)
perfringolysin (vascular clots)
63
Actinomycosis
treatment of choice
**Non-acid fast**
penicillin G or ampicillin
64
Nocardia
Treatment of Choice
weakly acid fast
sulfonamides
Mneumonic: SNAP: sulfonamides=nocardia, actinomyces=penicillin
65
Actinomycotic mycetoma
causes
Nocardia most common cause \> actinomyces
N brasilienis in mexico and S. America
66
Anthrax
Gram + spore forming rod
Rx for cutaneous anthrax (fluoroquinolones, doxycycline)
Virulence factors:
- capsule (poly-d-glutamic acid)
- Lethal toxin (TNF-a, IL-1B)
- Edema toxin (cAMP-\> edema)
67
Erysipeloid
erysipelothrix (**gram positive rod**)
Fisherman, poultry/fish handlers
Rx: **penicillin,** cipro (if pcn allergic)
68
Listeria
motile **gram + rod**
neonatal sepsis
Rx: ampicillin, tmp-sulfa
69
Green Nails
pyocyanin (pseudomonas)
70
Pseudomonal folliculitis
Treatment
spontaneously resolves within weeks
immunocompromosed or generalized (fluoroquinolone)
71
diagnosis?
Pseudomonas Hot Foot Syndrome
Red nodules on weight-bearing areas after wading in pools of water
Rx: spontaneous resolution
72
B. bacilliformis
Cause of Carrions/Oroya fever/verruga peruana
transmission: sandfly (lutzomayia)
Death 2/2 salmonella bacteremia
Rx:
Oroyo fever: **chloramphenicol**
Verruga Peruana: **rifampin/streptomycin**
73
Bartonella culture
chocolate agar
74
Diagnosis?
Rx
Bacillary Angiomatosis
B. henslea and B. quintana
HIV, CD4 \<200
Rx: Erythromycin
75
Intracellular gram negative rods
Bartonella
Rickettsia
76
Cat Scratch Disease
young people
immunocompetent\> immunocompromised
Rx: Spontaneously resolves (aka no rx)
For severe/complicated: doxy + rifampin
Vector: C. felis (cat flea)
77
B. quintana
Rx
Trench fever
Rx: doxycycline + aminoglycoside
78
Ricketsia rickettsii
RMSF
Vector: Dermacentor
Rx: Doxy, even for children
79
Rickettsia conorii
Mediterranean spotted fever
Conor sounds like a european name!!
doxy
if mild, children: azithro, clarithromycin
Vector: Rhipicephalus (brown dog tick)
80
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsiapox
Liponyssoides (house mouse mite)
papulovesicle-\> eschar -\> papulovesicles with hemorrhagic crusts
Rx: None
81
Ricketsia prowazeki
Epidemic Typhus
Vector: human body louse
Rx: doxy
82
Ricketsia typhi
Endemic typhus (murine)
Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
Cat flea typhus (C. felis-\> same as bartonella henslea)
83
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Scrub typhus
Cigers (thrombiculid mites)
Rx: Doxy
Preg: Azithromycin
84
Ricketsial Diseases without Eschar
Endemic typhus
RMSF
85
Name?
Disease?
Amblyomma (lone star)
Ehrlichia (infects monocytes and macrophages)
86
Tick?
Disease?
Ixodes
Lyme, Anaplasma, Bebesia
87
Coxiella Burnetii
Q fever
Atypical pneumonia or granulomatous hepatitis occurring occasionally.
Chronic Q fever most often manifests as “culture-negative” endocarditis affecting a previously damaged heart valve
**aerosols from sheep and cattle**
88
Gram negative diplococcus and coccobacillus
**Dipococcus**
N. meningitidis
**Coccobacillus**
Brucella
Francisella tularemia
H. influenzae
89
Meningococcemia
Treatment of Choice
1) Penicillin
Prophylaxis for contacts with: azithromycin, cipro, rifampin
Virulence factor: polysaccharide capsule
Endotoxin-\> shock and purpura fulminans
In US types B, C, and Y are most common
90
Malta Fever
Brucellosis
Unpasturized milk, inhalation
Rx: Doxy + (streptomycin, rifampin, TMP/SMX, etc)
91
Glanders
Burkholderia mallei
infected horses
1) Localized-\> papulopustule
2) Chronic -\> soft tissue nodules
Rx: 60-150 day amox/clav, doxy, TMP/SMX
3) Septicemic
4) Pulmonary
Rx: Carbapenem+ cipro or doxy
92
Meliodosis
B. pseudomallei
Contaminated water and soil
Risk factors: DM, alcohol, IVDU
93
Malakoplakia
E. Coli
Histology:
Von Hansemann cells (macrophages)
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies (basophilic inclusions)
Rx: Surgery
94
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
Malakoplakia
Stain with von Kossa, PAS, Perls, Giemsa
95
Tularemia
treatment of choice
most common is ulceroglandular (transmitted via tick bite)
streptomycin
96
H influenza in children
cellulitis
Rx: ceftriaxone
97
Diagnosis, Treatment, Etc
Rhinoscleroma
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
transmitted via inhalation
Mikulicz cells (large vacuolated histiocytes)
Russell bodies
Stain with Warthin-starry and Giemsa
Rx: tetracycline (6 months)
98
Salmonella typhi
treatment
cipro? adults
ceftriaxone in children
99
Streptobacillus moniliformis
rat-bite fever
fever, migratory polyarthritis, acral rash
Rx: penicillin
100
Gram negative bipolar bacillus
yersinia pestis (plague)
Rx: streptomycin or gentamicin
Post-exposure: doxycycline or ciprofloxacin
101
Vibrio vulnificus
shellfish
Risk Factors: liver disease, diabetes, ESRD
1) cutaneous
2) septicemia
Rx: doxy+ceftriaxone
102
Bite most likely to get infected
human
103
dog bite pathogens
pasteurella multocida, pasteurella canis, capnocytophaga canimorsus
104
cat bite pathogens
pasteurella multocida
105
human bite
eikenella corrodens, S. aureus,
106
Borrelia burgdorferi
lyme disease
vector: ixodes
Rx: doxy in adults
amoxicillin in children and pregnancy
107
B. afzelli
Vector: ixodes ricinus (europe)
borrelial lymphocytoma
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
108
Borellia recurrentis
Louse-borne relapsing fever (Africa)
macular petechial rash with paroxsymal fever, flu like
Rx; doxy
109
Borellia duttonii, hermsii
Tick-borne relapsing fever
Vector: ornithodoros
like tick-borne, but less severe, fewer relapses
110
Parrot's pseudoparalysis
Early congenital syphillis ( \< 2 years old)
snuffles, dactylisits, epiphysitis, hepatitis
111
Higoumenakis syndrome
unilateral enlargement of the clavicle in:
Late congenital syphillis \> 2 yo
keratitis, optic atrophy, corneal opacities
Vestibulocochlear nerve deafness (VIII)
rhagades
mulberry molars, Hutchinson's teeth
Clutton's joints
112
chancre
primary syphillis
incubation period (10-90 days)
113
Timing for secondary syphillis
3-10 weeks after primary
clears in 3-12 weeks
Signs to remember:
split papules (perleche)
mucous patches of oropharynx
necklace of venus (hypopigmented patches on neck)
114
Argyll-Robertson pupils
Tertiary syphillis
gummas, aortitis
tabes dorsalis (destruction of nerves in dorsal collumn of the spine), paresis
115
Treponemal tests
FTA- ABS, MHA-TP
most senstive and specific
positive later than non-treponemal (~ 3 weeks after infection)
116
Non-treponemal tests
RPR, VDRL
positive within 1-2 weeks
Can be used to monitor therapy
More risk of false positive
117
Tuberculous chancre
red painless nodule
spontaneously heals over 3-12 months
**key is no immunity to TB**
118
Innoculated TB
Tuberculosis verruca cutis
verrucous nodule, slowly growing
**Most common form of cutaneous TB**
Results from innoculation
**Previously infected with TB (moderate to high immunity)**
119
Diagnosis
Pathogenesis
Lupus Vulgaris
Endogenous spread (contiguous, hematogenous, lymphatic)
**"apply jelly"** on diascopy
**moderate to high immunity**
120
Diagnosis?
Pathogenesis?
Scrofuloderma
Draining sinus tracts and fluctuant nodules, tethered appearance
**Contiguous spread**
**Low immunity**
121
Patient with chronic cough productive of bloody sputum
Orificial tuberculosis
**autoinnoculation of mucosa adjacent to active TB infection**
advanced TB with poor cell mediated immunity
122
Miliary Tuberculosis
Immunosuppressed
Cutaneous involvement with pinpoint blue-red crusty papules
123
Tuberculous Gumma
**Hematogenous dissemination**
deep nodule that ulcerates
124
Tuberculosis Treatment
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
125
Diagnosis?
Rx?
Chancroid
H. ducreyi (gram negative coccobacilli)
painful purulent ulcer with ragged borders, kissing ulcers + LAD
Histo: school of fish on giemsa
Rx: azithro?
126
Diagnosis?
Rx?
Granuoma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis (gram negative rod)
Incubation period is **17 days**
Beefy red **painless** ulcer +/- LAD
Azithromycin wekly for 3 weeks
127
Diagnosis?
Rx?
Lymphogranuloma venerum
Chlamydia trachomitis (L1-3)
Stage 1: **3-12 days** after exposure, ulcer
Stage 2: buboes and groove sign
Stage 3: proctocolitis
**gamma-favre bodies** (inclusions in macrophages with giemsa)
Rx: Doxycycline
128
Culture Medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Thayer-Martin Medium
Other things to know, must give dual Rx because of co-infection with chlamydia
If positive chlamydia, but negative for gonorrhea then only treat for chlamydia (azithro/doxy)
129
Cellular immunity in lepromatous leprosy
TH2 (aka anti-body mediated, aka CD4\> CD8)
130
Immune response in Tuberculoid Leprosy
TH-1 (aka cell-mediated, CD8)
destroys nerves with disease (no sensation in plaques)
No bacilli in lesions
131
Type 1 Reversal Reaction
Symptoms: ulceration of skin lesions
dangerous neuritis
Highest risk in BL\> BB, BT
Can be either downgrading (toward TH2) or upgrading (toward cell mediated immunity)
132
Erythema nodosum leprosum
Type II
Th2 mediated immune reaction
immune complexes -\> vasculitis, EN like lesions
Highest risk with LL and BL forms
133
Multibacially Leprosy Treatment
rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
134
Paucibacillary Leprosy treatment
rifampicin, dapsone (6 months)
single lesion: rifampicin, ofloxacin, minocycline (1 dose)
135
patient whose hobby is fish
Mycobacterium marinum
grows at 31 celsius
Rx: clarithromycin; rifampin/ethambutol, minocycline, TMP-SMX
136
Rapid Growing Mycobacteria
M. fortuitum, chelonae, abscessus
137
Slow Growing Mycobacteria
M. kansasii, marinum, simiae, avium-intercellulare, ulcerans, bovis
138
Endothrix Tinea Capitis
Ringo Gave Yoko Two Squeaky Violins
Trichophyton: rubrum, gourvilli yaounde, tonsurans, soudanese/schoenleinii, violaceum
139
Fluorescent Ectothrix
Cats and Dogs Fight and Growl Sometimes
Microsporum canis, audouinii, distortum, ferrugineum, gypseum, ***T. schoenleinii***
140
Number 1 cause tinea capitis US
T. tonsurans
141
Number 1 cause tinea capitis world wide
M. canis
142
Cause of Favus
T. schoenleinii\> M gypseum, T. violaceum
yellow cup-shaped crusts (scutula)
143
Kerion
M. Canis
T. verrucosum
T. mentag
T. tonsurans
144
Majocchi cause
T. rubrum
145
Tinea corporis cause
T. rubrum
zoophilic: T. verrucosum, M. canis
146
Tinea barbae
T. verrucosum, T. mentag, T. tonsurans, M. canis
147
Tinea faceii
M. canis, T. mentag \> T. rubrum
148
Tinea cruris
T. rubrum \> E. floccosum, T. interdigitale
149
tinea pedis
T. Rubrum
150
Bullous tinea pedis
T. mentag
151
Mocassin Tinea Pedis
E. floccosum
152
Onychomycosis
T. rubrum
153
Proximal White Onychomycosis Cause
T. rubrum
154
Diagnosis?
Striate superficial white
Adults (T. mentag)
Children (T. rubrum)
155
Anthropophilic Dermatophytes
Trichophyton ( except mentag and verrucosum)
E. floccosum
M. audouinii
M. ferrungineum
156
Zoophilic Dermatophytes
M. canis
M. nanum (pigs)
T. verrucosum (cattle)
T. mentag (rodents)
157
KOH
breaks down keratin
158
Chlorazol black E
chitin stain
159
Calcuofluor white
chitin stain (blue or green)
160
GMS
fungal stain (black)
161
Rx T. tonsurans
terbinafine more effective
162
Microsporum species
griseofulvin more effective
163
Culture of Malassezia
olive oil
164
Hypopigmentation with malassezia
azelaic acid inhibits melanocytes
165
Piedra hortae
black piedra
166
Trichosporon asahii
white piedra
can disseminate in immunocompromised
Formerly T. beigelii
Other species: T. ovoides, T. inkin, T. cutaneum
167
Hortaea werneckii
Tinea nigra
168
Treatment for sporothrix
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B if disseminated
169
Sporotrichoid spread
No SALT
Nocardia
Sporotrichosis
Atypical Mycobacteria
Leishmaniasis
Tularemia
170
Lacazia
species that causes lobomycosis (loboa loboi)
Rx: surgical excision
171
Madurella
Pseudallescheria boydii
Exophiala jeanselmei
Acremonium
Causes of Eumycetoma
172
White Grains
N. brasiliensis (#1 cause)
N. asteroides
173
Red grains
Actinomadura pelletieri
174
Yellow-brown grains
Streptomyces somaliensis
175
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Most common cause of Chromoblastomycosis
176
Other causes of chromoblastomycosis
fonsecaea
Rhinocladiella
Phialophora
Cladophialophora
Compact – Fonsecaea compacta
Dead – Cladosporium carrionii
Wet – Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
Warty – Phialophora verrucosa
Feet – Fonsecaea pedrosoi
177
Medlar bodies
Copper pennies
178
Inhalation of Bird and Bat Feces
Histoplasmosis
Ohio and Mississippi River Valley
Rx: Itraconazole, amphotericin B
179
Fungus associated with soil/clearning brush
Blastomycosis
Rx Itraconazole/amphotericin B
180
South America
Paracoccidiomycosis
Granulomatous Ulcerative and Perioral involvement in 70%
Men\>\>\> Women
Rx: TMP/SMX
Itraconazole
181
Coccidioides immitis
large (up to 100 um spherules)
182
Resistant Candida strains
C. glabrata, C. krusei
183
Associated with pigeons
Cryptococcus
Stains: India ink, PAS, mucicarmine, GMS
184
Septate hyphae with 45 degree angle
Aspergillus
A. flavus is more commonly primar cutaneous disease
A. fumigatus is more commonly secondary cutaneous disease
185
Fusarium solani
45 degree angle branching
No caspofungins for Rx
186
Penicillium
intracellular
similar in appearance to histoplasmosis
bamboo rat exposure
molluscum-like lesions
187
Zygomyces Species
Mucorales: Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Mucor
Entomophthorales: Conidiobolus (rare chronic infections in the tropics
188
Phaeohypomycosis
diatemaceous (pigmented brown, + fontana-mason)
Most commonly associated with a cystic lesions, subcutaneous, draining
***Exophiala*** (#1 cause)
Wangiella
Alternaria
Phialophora
Curvularia
Rx: Itraconazole
189
Diagnosis
Protothecosis
Algae
Clinical presentation can mimic olecranon bursitis
Rx: excision and amphotericin
190
Diagnosis
Rhinosporidiosis
protozoa
fish parasite (contaminated water)
friable red-purple, soft, lubulated, mucosal polyps
Rx: excision
191
malathion
flammable
192
Diagnosis
Tungiasis
Surgical removal/ivermectin
193
Visceral Leishmaniasis, Causes
L. donovani
L. infantum
L. chagasi
194
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
L. brazilensis (L. amazonensis, L. panamensis, guyanensis)
195
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
L. amazonensis
L. aethiophica
196
Rx cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Pentavalent antimony
197
Visceral leishmaniasis
Amphotericine B
198
East African Sleeping Sickness
T. rhodiense (acute form, severe neuro, fatality hight)
Animal reservoir
Vector: Tsetse fly
chancre-\> LAD -\> neurochanges
Rx: suramin
199
West African Sleeping Sickness
T. brucei gambiense
chronic form, slower progression, less death
Rx: pentamidine
200
Trypanosomar cruzi
chagas
reduvid (triatomine)
Romannas sign
Rx: benznidazole, nifurtimox
201
South America
Diagnosis
Chiclero's ulcer
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
L. mexicana
202
Toxoplasmosis Rx
sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine
203
Edwardsiella lineata
Linuche unguiculata
Sea Anemone and Jellyfish
Seabathers eruption
204
How you acquire dracunculiasis
ingesting water infected with the cyclops water flea, copepod stage
205
Hint, It is an amoeba
Balamuthia
206
***Sol***enopsis
Fire Ants
Toxin: solenopsin D (piperidine alkaloid)
207
Hymenoptera
Bees/wasps
Tocin: phospholipase A
208
Cimex lectularius
bed bug
209
Lyatta vesicatoria
Blister beetles
cantharidin
210
Xenopsylla cheopis
Rat flea
R. typhi
Y. pestis
211
Ctenocephalides felis and canis
cat flea
Bartonella henslea
Bartonella quintana
212
Megalopyge opercularis (Pus!)
tram-track hemorrhage +/- systemic symptoms, edema, hives
213
Io
Automeris io
Burning, Urticarial dermatitis
214
Gypsy Moth
Lymantria dispar
Histamine in hair
Can also be in air
215
Saddleback
Sibine stimulea
220
Ornithodorus
B. duttonii (tick borne relapsing fever)
221
Dermacentor
RMSF
Tularemia
Ehrlychiosis/Anaplasmosis
Tick Paralysis
222
Ixodes
Lyme, Anaplasmosis, babesiosis
223
Amblyoma
Ehrlychiosis, Tularemia, African Tick Bite Fever
224
Allodermanyssus sanguineus
R. akari
225
Dermatophagoides
dust mite
226
Dermanyssus
Ornithonyssus
Vector for wester equine encephalitis
227
Cheyletiella
Walking dandruff (dogs and cats)
228
Phidippus formosus
Jumping Spider
Toxin: hyaluronidase
no systemic symptoms
229
Lycosidae
wolf spider
8 eyes
Toxin: histamine
230
Cheiracanthium
yellow sac spider
Toxin: lipase
231
Tegenaria agrestis
Hobo spider
Painless bite, local necrosis
232
Peucetia viridans
Green lynx
painful bite, no systemic symptoms
233
Acarus siro
Grain Mite (Baker's itch)
234
Glyciphagus
Cheese mite (Grocer's Itch)
235
**Lactro**dectus
black widow
a-**lactro**toxin (depolarizes neurons)
chills, abdominal pain, rhabdo, sweating, shock
236
Loxosceles
brown recluse
toxin: sphingomyelinase D (reason for the large eschar\_
238
Viperidae/Crotalidae
copperheads
Rattlesnakes
thrombin like glycoproteins
243
Theraphosidae
tarantula
Urticating hairs-\> opthalmia nodosa
244
Centruroides
Scorpions
245
Chilopodo
Scolopendra
Centipedes
Two puncture wounds
Systemic symptoms similar to spider
246
Diplopoda
millipedes
chemical irritant contact dermatitis
247
Elapidae
coral snake
red on yellow kills a fellow
a-neurotoxin
phospholipase a2
249
Chronex fleckeri
Pacific box jellyfish
Can cause shock and associated fatality
250
Pysalia
Portuguese man of war
hemorrhagic and vesicular skin lesions
toxin produces cardiac disturbance and paralysis
