Basic Science

Question 1

Major contributor to permeability barrier in lamina densa

Answer 1

heparan sulfate (negatively charged)

Question 2

Most common amino acids in collagen

Answer 2

glycine-proline-hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine

Question 3

Elaunin runs

Answer 3

laying down, horizontal
reticular (deep)
Part of elastic tissue

Question 4

oxytalan

Answer 4

perpendicular

papillary

Question 5

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 5

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate
This is what retains water and plumps up the skin (up to 1000x their volume)

Question 6

Fingernail growth rate

Answer 6

2-3 mm/month (~ 6 months to grow out)

Question 7

Toenail growth rate

Answer 7

1 mm per month (~ 12 months to grow out)

Question 8

Stages of Wound Healing

Answer 8

Inflammatory
Proliferative
Remodeling

Question 9

Inflammatory Stage of Wound Healing

Answer 9

Inflammatory:

Plts-> fibrin/fibronectin-> neutrophils (48 hours)-> Macrophages (most important)

Question 10

Proliferative Stage of Wound Healing

Answer 10

Proliferative (5-7 days):
keratinocytes migrate sooner (starting at 23 hours)
PDGF, TGF-a/B, FGF (macrophage factors that start this phase)
granulation tissue: fibronectin-> then Col III -> Col I
contraction: myofibroblasts

Question 11

Remodeling Stage of Wound Healing

Answer 11

Regression of granulation tissue, fibroblast deposition of collagen/fibronectin

Question 12

Scar Strength

Answer 12

1 week: 5%
3 weeks: 20%
3 months: 50%
1 year: 80%

Question 13

Light Spectrum Overview

Answer 13

gamma-> x-ray-> UV-> VIBGYOR-> Infrared -> microwaves-> radio waves

Question 14

Visible Light Spectrum

Answer 14

380 -> 750

Question 15

UV Spectrum

Answer 15

UVA-I (400- 340)
UVA-II (340-320)
UVB (320- 280)
UVC (280-200)

Question 16

Conversion of Provitamin D3-> Previtamin D3

Answer 16

UVB

Question 17

Antimicrobial Peptides Increased in Psoriasis

Answer 17

Cathelicidins
Defensins

These are decreased in atopic dermatitis

Question 18

Classical Complement Pathway

Answer 18

Activated by IgG (not IgG 4) and IgM

C1q-> Cs-> C4

Question 19

C3a

Answer 19

anaphylotoxin

Question 20

C3b

Answer 20

opsonin

Question 21

C5a

Answer 21

Neutrophil chemotaxis

anaphylotoxin

Question 22

MAC subunits

Answer 22

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

Question 23

Alternative Cascade Activator

Answer 23

LPS (bacterial cell surface proteins

C3b-> Factor B -> Factor D

Question 24

Lectin Pathway

Answer 24

Mannose-Binding protein (interacts directly with polysaccharides on bacteria/fungi/viruses/protozoa

Question 25

Co-stimulation | CD 28

Answer 25

B7-1, B7-2 (APC) CD28 (T-cell)

Question 26

Co-stimulation | CD2

Answer 26

LFA-3 (APC) CD2 (T-Cell)

Question 27

Co-stimulation | LFA-1

Answer 27

ICAM-1 (APC) LFA-1 (T-Cells)

Question 28

Co-stimulation | CTLA-4

Answer 28

B7-1, B7-2 (APC) | CTLA-4 (T-Cells)

Question 29

IL-2

Answer 29

Stimulates ALL T-cell activation and proliferation

Question 30

TH1 | Important chemokines

Answer 30

Trigger: Intracellular pathogens Macrophages (IL-12) TH1-Cells, NK-Cells (IFN-y, IL-2, TNF-a) Promote macrophage activity STAT1 and STAT4

Question 31

TH2

Answer 31

Tigger: Extracellular pathogens TH2 Cells (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) STAT6 and GATA3 Activates eosinophils and suppresses macrophages

Question 32

TH17

Answer 32

IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, IL-36, TNF-a STAT3 (Job syndrome), TGF-B Neutrophil activiation

Question 33

Treg

Answer 33

CD 25 (FOXP3)

Question 34

NK Cells

Answer 34

IL-12 (TH1), IL-15, Type 1 interferons

Question 35

Eosinophils

Answer 35

Activated by IL-5

Question 36

Mast Cells

Answer 36

CD34 c-kit CD 13 C-kit receptor (CD117)

Question 37

MHC-Class I

Answer 37

expressed on all nucleated cells | HLA-A, B, C

Question 38

MHC-Class II

Answer 38

expressed on APCs HLA-DP, DQ, DR

Question 39

HLA-DR3

Answer 39

Lupus

Question 40

HLA-B17, B-13

Answer 40

Guttate psoriasis

Question 41

HLA-B51

Answer 41

Behcets

Question 42

HLA-DR4, DRB4, DQ8

Answer 42

Chronic idiopathic urticaria

Question 43

HLA- DR3, DR4

Answer 43

Pemphigoid gestationis

Question 44

HLA- DR4, DRw6

Answer 44

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 45

HLA A1 and B8

Answer 45

DH

Question 46

HLA-DR1 and DR10

Answer 46

DH

Question 47

HLA-A33, B-13, B-44, DRB1, DR4

Answer 47

Vitiligo