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RC > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

Constituents of herpesviridae

A

HSV1/2 (HHV1/2)
VZV (HHV3)
EBV (HHV4)
CMV (HHV5)
HHV8

After HSV, reverse alphabetical order

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2
Q

Name prion diseases

A

CJD
Gerstmann-Staussler-Scheinker syndrome
Fatal familial insomnia
Kuru
Variant CJD

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3
Q

Define prion

A

Infectious agents composed of misfolded proteins that cause transmissible neurdegenerative disorders

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of prion disease

A

Normal protein undergoes conformational change to abnormal form (now resistant to protease digestion)
Infectious/misfolded prion protein binds to normal conformation protein, catalyzing misfolding into prion protein
Prion protein buildup causes spongiform encephalopathy

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5
Q

Methods by which prion disease arise in humans

A

Acquired
Familial
Sporadic

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6
Q

Differentiate classic and variant CJD

A

Classic CJD: “Florid plaques” absent, protease resistance prion proteins variable accumulation, infective agent NOT seen in lymphoid tissue
Variant CJD: “florid plaques” present, protease resistance prion proteins significant accumulation, infective agent seen in lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

CJD classification

A

Classic
Sporadic
Iatrogenic
Familial
Variant

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8
Q

Prion disease IHC

A

Proteinase K-resistant PrP(Sc)

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9
Q

Baltimore classification of viruses with example of each

A

dsDNA - herpesviruses
ssDNA - parvovirus B19
dsRNA - reovirus
(+)ssRNA - West Nile Virus
(-)ssRNA - rabies
ssRNA-RT - HIV
dsDNA-RT - HepB

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10
Q

Oncogenic viruses with associated malignancies

A

HBV - HCC
HCV - HCC
Human T-lymphotrophic virus - Adult T-cell
EBV - Burkitt, Hodgkin, PTLD, NPC, Gastric CA
HHV-8 - Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman, primary effusion lymphoma
HPV - cervical CA, anal CA, penile CA, vulvar/vaginal CA, oropharyngeal SCC

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11
Q

Types of low risk HPV

A

6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54, 60, 61, 72

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12
Q

Types of high risk HPV

A

16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73

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13
Q

HPV carcinogensis

A

E6 protein binds p53 preventing its function (cell cycle arrest and apoptosis)
E7 protein binds RB leading to p16 overexpression

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14
Q

Histologic findings of acute viral hepatitis

A

Hepatocyte ballooning and apoptosis with resulting ceroid-laden macrophages
Cholestasis
Zone 3 lymphocytic infiltrate
Mixed portal inflammation

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15
Q

Specific histologic features of chronic HBV and HCV

A

HBV - ground-glass hepatocytes
HCV - lymphoid aggregates and reactive bile ducts, focal macrovesicular steatosis

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16
Q

Define fulminant hepatic failure

A

Hepatic insufficiency progressing from symptom onset to encephalopathy within 2-3w outside the setting of chronic liver disease

17
Q

Routes of transmission for HepA-E

A

HepA: fecal-oral
HepB: parenteral, vertical
HepC: parenteral
HepD: nonparenteral or parenteral (needs HepB infxn)
HepE: Fecal-oral

18
Q

Protocol for needle-stick injury during an autopsy

A

Follow facilities policies and procedures
Wash wound with soap and warm water
Allow wound to bleed, do not squeeze
Apply antiseptic if necessary
Contact occupational heath or ED ASAP

19
Q

Clinical presentation for infectious mononucleosis

A

Fever
Fatigue
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
Sore throat
Maculopapular rash

20
Q

Splenic findings in infectious mononucleosis

A

Enlarged spleen
Soft/fleshy with hyperemic cut surface
Red pulp congestion and hyperplastic white pulp
Blurred red/white pulp border

21
Q

Complications/symptoms of HIV with decreasing CD4 counts (cells/mm^3)

A

<500: B symptoms, mucocutaneous lesions (oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi, VZV/HSV), lymphoma, candidiasis, TB
<200: PJP PNA, Toxo, Bartonella, Visceral Kaposi, disseminated fungal infection (Crypto, Coccidioides, Histo)
<100: PML 2’ JC virus, CNS toxo
<50: MAC, CMV, Invasive aspergillosis, bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella), CNS lymphoma

21
Q

Pathogen and stain for: Erythema chronicum migrans

A

Borrelia burgdorferi
Gram neg, WS, Dieterle stain

22
Q

Helicobacter heilmanii vs pylori

A

Heilmanii: acquired from domestic animals/pets, larger size, corkscrew morphology, sit freely in gastric foveolar lumen, less associated inflammation
Pylori: Acquired from humans, smaller with seagull morphology, adherent to epithelium, more inflammation/activity

22
Q

Pathogen and stain for: Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bartonella family
Gram neg, WS

23
Q

Pathogen and stain for: Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae
FITE

24
Q

Pathogen and stain for: Chancre syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum
Gram neg, WS, IHC

25
Q

Pathogen and stain for: Impetigo

A

Staph aureus
Gram positive, silver stain

26
Q

Infectious diseases caused by spirochetes

A

Intestinal spirochetosis
Leptospirosis
Lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)
Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis)
Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
Yaws (Treponema pallidum pertenue)

27
Q

Histologic findings in skin from arthropod bite

RC (20 decks)

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