Exam Qs Flashcards
Benign CD34+ neoplasms
Fibroadenoma
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Angiofibroma
Spindle cell lipoma
Myofibroblastoma
BST neoplasms that typically express keratins
Epithelioid sarcoma
Synovial sarcoma, biphasic
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Myxofibrosarcoma
Epithelioid GIST
DSRCT
Indicated for FISH testing in well diff adipocytic neoplasms
Recurrence
Size >10 cm
Retroperitoneal location
Equivocal histologic features
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma vs myxofibrosarcoma
LGFMS: proximal extremities/trunk, young adults, low grade spindle cells in whorled/short fascicles, alternating fibrous and myxoid areas, Strong diffuse MUC4+, FUS-CREB3 dusion
MFS: Limbs and limb girdles in elderly patients, multinodular architecture w infiltratrive margins, myxoid stroma, variable pleomorphic cells, curvilinear vessles, Aneupolidy
Subtypes of kaposi sarcoma and typical population for each
Classic - elderly mediterranean, eastern european, Ashkenazi-Jew, older men
Endemic - HIV neg adults & children in equitorial Africa
AIDS-associated - HIV+
Iatrogenic - solid organ transplant patients
Risk factors for angiosarcoma
Radiation
Lymphedema
Implanted foreign material
Li-Fraumeni
Mafucci syndrome
Retinoblastoma syndrome
Most common anatomic sites for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Soft tissue
Liver
Lung
IHC that stains:
Smooth muscle only
Both smooth and skeletal
Skeletal muscle only
Smooth muscle only: Caldesmin, SMMHC
Both smooth and skeletal: MSA, desmin
Skeletal muscle only: Myogenin, MyoD1
Clinical and histologic features of synovial sarcoma
Clinical: deep soft tissue of extremities in younger patients
Histo: Biphasic or monophasic. Epithelial component nests, cords, glandular, alveolar, papillary. Spindle component uniform, small, ovoid, “school of fish”, hyperchromatic nuclei, TLE1+
DDx SRBCT in 20yo
Ewing sarcoma
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Small cell osteosarcoma
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Tumors with MDM2 amplification
ALT/WDLS
Dediff liposarcoma
Intimal sarcoma
Low grade central osteosarcoma
DDx for giant cell rich bone lesion
Giant cell tumor of bone
ABC
Chondroblastoma
Nonossifying fibroma
Giant cell rich osteosarcoma
Benign or malignant disease associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis
Myelofibrosis
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle cell
Hereditary spherocytosis
ITP
Thalassemia
Histologic subtypes of leiomyoma
Classica
Epithelioid
FH-deficient
Myxoid
Atypical
Mitotically active
Symplastic
Variants of SCC of the H&N
Conventional
Basaloid
Adenosquamous
Papillary
Acantholytic
Lymphoepithelial
Spindled
Factors relevant to staging of nephroblastoma
Extrarenal extension
Renal vein invasion
Infiltration of renal sinus
Rupture
Lymph node involvement
Bilaterality
Painful skin lesions
Blue nevus
Angiolipoma
Neuroma
Glomus tumor
Eccrine spiradenoma
Leiomyoma
EBV-associated lymphomas
Burkitt
PTLD
Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity
Plasmablastic lymphoma
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
Intravascular NK/T cell lymphoma
DLBCL (rarely)
Non-hematolymphoid EBV-associated neoplasms
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV+ gastric CA
Infectious agents (other than EBV) and associated lymphomas
HHV8 - primary effusion lymphoma
HP - gastric MALT
Campylobactor jejuni - small bowel MALT
Chlamydia sp. - ocular adenxa MALT
Borrelia sp - skin MALT
IHC for
Exaggerated placental site
Placental site nodule
Placental site trophoblastic tumor
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor
Exaggerated placental site: p63- hPL+ KI67 low
Placental site nodule: p63+ hPL- Ki67 low
Placental site trophoblastic tumor: p63- hPL+ Ki67 high
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: p63+ hPL- Ki67 high
Skin lesions associated with infectious etiology
Verruca vulgaris - low risk HPV
Kaposi sarcoma - HHV8
Molluscum contagiosum - poxvirus
Merkle cell carcinoma - Merkle cell polyomavirus
Digital papillary adenocarcinoma - HPV42
Types of embolism
Thromboembolism
Fat
Air
Amniotic fluid
Septic
Atheroembolism
Benign mimics of prostatic adenoCA
Atrophy
Adenosis
Post-radiation/therapy effect
Basal cell hyperplasia
Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia
Nephrogenic adenoma
Variant morphologic patterns for conventional prostatic adenoCA
Atrophic
Pseudohyperplastic
Microcystic
Foamy gland
Mucinous
PIN-like
Epiphyseal bone tumors
Giant cell tumor of bone
Clear cell chondrosarcoma
Chondroblastoma
Enchondroma
Morphologic patterns in adult granulosa cell tumor
Diffuse
Insular
Microfollicular
Macrofollicular
Sarcomatoid
Pseudopapillary
Meigs syndrome
Ovarian fibroma
Ascites
Pleural effusion
Lymphomas that commonly present as lymphomatous polyposis
DLBCL
Extranodal MALT
Mantle cell
Follicular lymphoma
Potter’s sequence
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios
Twisted skin/limb deformities
Twisted face/abnormal facies
Extremity deformities
Renal agenesis
Weiss criteria for adrenal cortical carcinoma
Nuclear grade III/IV
>5 mits/50hpf
Atypical mits
Clear cells <25% of tumor
Diffuse architecture >30%
Necrosis
Venous/sinusoidal/capsular invasion
Low risk and high risk subtypes of BCC
Low risk - nodular, nevus of pinkus, superficial, infundibulocystic
High risk - micronodular, morpheaform, spindled, infiltrating
Four principle histologic growth patterns of HCC
Trabecular
Solid
Pseudoglandular
Macrotrabecular
Critical values in anatomical pathology
Crescentic GN
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Fat in endometrial biopsy
Herpetic infection in cervical cytology in pregnancy
Unexpected malignancy
Mesothelial cells or fat in endocardial biopsy
Invasive organism in immunocompromised host
Transplant rejection
Morphologic variants of urothelial CA
Papillary
Micropapillary
Solid
Plasmacytoid
Lymphoepithelioma-like
Sarcomatoid
Nested
Squamous
Features associated with unfavourable prognosis in neuroblastoma
Age >5y
High MKI
Clinical stage
Less schwannian stroma
Nodular architecture
MYC-N amplification
Benign causes of necrotizing lymphadenitis
TB
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease
Cat scratch disease
HSV lymphadenitis
Common locations for conventional osteosarcoma
Distal femur
Proximal Tibia
Proximal humerus
Radiographic features of osteosarcoma
Medullary and cortical bone destruction
Permeative or moth-eaten appearance
Periosteal reaction - sunburst or onion-skinned appearane
Tumor matrix ossification/calcification
Lytic/sclerotic lesion
Extraosseus extension
Histologic changes in breast carcinoma with partial treatment effect
Decreased cellularity
Multiple foci of invasion over a large tumor bed
LVI without adjacent tumor
Fibrosis adjacent to residual tumor
Decreased size of invasive component
Types of amyloidosis
AL - primary amyloidosis (immunocyte dyscrasias)
AA - secondary (chronic inflammation)
AA - familial mediterranean fever
ATTR - Systemic senile amyloidosis
AB - Senile cerebral (Alzheimer)
A Cal - medullary thyroid CA
AANF - Isolated atrial amyloidosis
DDx cribriform morphology in the prostate
Gleason grade 4 prostate adenoCA
Intraductal carcinoma
Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia
Basal cell hyperplasia
Atypical intraductal proliferation
Ductal carcinoma
Histologic types of neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma - differentiating, poorly diff, undiff
Ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular classic and variant
Ganglioneuroblastoma, mixed
Ganglioneuroma
Algorithm for neuroblastoma diagnosis
Gross and microscopic features of Alzheimer’s
Gross - cortical atrophy (esp frontal, temporal, parietal lobes)
- Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
- Medial temporal lobe (hippo, amg, entorrhinal) severe atrophy
Micro - Neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Neurochemical changes in Alzheimer’s
Increased phosphorylated tau and reduced Abeta in CSF
List types of cellular injury
Oxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutritional imbalances
Types of necrosis
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Fat
Fibrinoid
Molecular of TSA
BRAF, KRAS
Molecular of SSL
BRAF, CpG-Island Methylation
Causes and mechanisms of infectious vasculitis
Pseudomonas, Staph, strep
Aspergillus, mucor
CMV/HSV
Direct - invasion into wall (above do this)
Indirect - provoke immune response targeting vessels (TB, HIV, HepB)
