Infections - Upper/Lower Airways

Question 1

most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in first year of life

Answer 1

Acute bronchiolitis

Question 2

Acute bronchitis peaks in the __

Answer 2

winter

Question 3

why are babies with acute bronchiolitis hypoxic?

Answer 3

virus spreads to bronchial interstitium -> bronchioles swell -> alveolar air trapping

Question 4

Acute bronchiolitis pathogens

Answer 4

Most common: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Others: rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus tupe 3, influenza A&B

Question 5

infant with URI + progressively increasing respiratory distress

respiratory distress: nasal flaring, intercostal or subcostal retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis, hypoxemia

Answer 5

acute bronchiolitis

Question 6

prophylaxis

Answer 6

prevention of a disease

Question 7

1 RSV prevention in low-risk ppl

Answer 7

wash hands

Question 8

Rx to prevent RSV in high risk ppl

Answer 8

Palivizumab

infants < 1 yo during RSV season and/or severe heart/lung issue

infants <1

Question 9

OTC cold med for HTN pt

Answer 9

Coricidin

no decongestant bc they increase BP

Question 10

Acute Bronchitis Trmnt

Answer 10

OTC Cold meds
Rx Antitussives
Albuterol inhaler

Question 11

nasal congestion, sore throat,
after 3-5 days -> develops dryish cough & sometimes low fever
chest tightness/pain with cough

Answer 11

Acute Bronchitis

Question 12

cough that just won’t go away for weeks after a cold

Answer 12

Acute Bronchitis -> post-tussive syndrome

Question 13

Rx ____ for cough that just wont go away after acute bronchitis

Answer 13

albuterol

Question 14

What infx is whooping cough associated with?

most sensitive test?

Answer 14

Pertussis

PCR

Question 15

Most sensitive Diagnostic for Pertussis?

Answer 15

PCR

Question 16

etiology

Pertussis

Answer 16

(G -)Bordetella

Question 17

3 phases of Pertussis

Answer 17

1. Cararrhal - highly contagious for 2 weeks (seems like reggie cold)
2. Paroxysmal - sudden whooping cough
3. Convalescent - cough dies down over time

Question 18

Pertussis Trmnt

Answer 18

Macrolides: Erythromycin (>1yo) or Azithromycin

Question 19

Pertussis Trmnt for pt who is allx to macrolides

Answer 19

Bactrim

Question 20

Pertussis Vaccine

Answer 20

DTaP -> 2, 4, 6 months (boosters -> 15-18 months & 4-6 yo)
Tdap boosters -> 11-12 yo & every 10 years thereforth

Question 21

Baby started coughing last week with pertussis. trmnt for close contacts?

Answer 21

Macrolides within 21 days of initial infected person’s cough