Infections of the Urinary tract

Question 1

What are the common type of bacteria that cause UTIs?

Answer 1

Gram negative rods

Question 2

Whats are the symptoms of UTI?

Answer 2

Dysuria, frequency, low back pain, fever

Elderly may just experience mental status change

Question 3

Untreated UTI can lead to?

Answer 3

Urosepsis

Question 4

Ascending infection can lead to?

Answer 4

Pyelonephritis

Question 5

Pyelonephritis usually caused by?

Answer 5

Usually due to ascending UTI and same organismsm as UTI

Question 6

Flank pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting are common s/s of?

Answer 6

Pyelonephritis

Question 7

What physcial exam finding would be positive in pyelonephritis?

Answer 7

CVA tenderness

Question 8

What kind of casts would be present in pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

WBC casts

Question 9

Treatment of pyelonephritis?

Answer 9

IV or PO abx 10-14 days (targeted to organism)

Question 10

What are the Urinalysis findings of UTI?

Answer 10

Alkaline pH, positive luekoctye esterase, postive nitrite

Hematuria +/-

Question 11

Infection in healthy, no underlying coniditons, non pregnant, pre menopausal, intact anatomical normal urinary tract system would be what kind of UTI?

Answer 11

Uncomplicated

Question 12

Infection in predisposing conditions (immunosuppression, diabetes), male sex, elderly, pregnany, previous hospitalizations, indwelling catheters, recent treatment with abx, symptoms longer than 7 days, functional or abnormal anatomic urinary tract system, or a recent urinary tract intervention.

What type of UTI?

Answer 12

Complicated

Question 13

Treatment for uncomplicated UTI?

Answer 13

Short course of abx 3 days - target antibiotic therapy to organism

Nitrofurantoin, cipro, leavaqin, bactrim, amox, cephelexin.

Question 14

Complicated UTI treatment?

Answer 14

7-10 days of treatment - targeted to cause again.

Question 15

What considerations should you think about before prescribing nitrofurantoin?

Answer 15

Only works in the bladder, and needs good renal function to be metabolized, - caution in elderly.

Question 16

Pregnancy may require how long of treatment? What drugs to use in pregnany?

Answer 16

10-14 days in treatment

Amoxicillin and cephalexin are safe in pregnancy