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gastrointestinal system > infections of the gut > Flashcards

infections of the gut Flashcards

1
Q

how is shigella transmitted?

A

faecal-oral route

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2
Q

how many shigella organisms are required to cause infection?

A

only 10 (highly infectious)

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3
Q

arrange from mild to most serious form of Shigella

a. Shigella dysenteriae
b. Shigella sonei
c. Shigella flexneri, shigella boydii

A
  1. Shigella sonei (mild)
  2. Shigella flexneri
  3. Shigella dysenteriae (most serious)
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4
Q

what type of culture is used to diagnose shigellosis?

A

faecal culture

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5
Q

how many salmonella (non-typhoidal) organisms are required to cause infection?

A

> 10^5

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6
Q

what bacteria invades macrophages and breaks into the blood?

A

salmonella typhi/paratyphi

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7
Q

what bacteria causes dysentery, bloody mucous stool?

A

shigella

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8
Q

what complication is listeria monocytogenes associated with?

A

meningitis

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9
Q

buzzwords: uncooked chicken, red colonies with black centres on XLD plate, non-lactose fermenting

A

salmonella spp. (non-typhoidal)

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10
Q

buzzwords: poor sanitation, shellfish, dehydration, rice water stool

A

cholera (vibrio cholerae)

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11
Q

which pathogen is associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea?

A

clostridium difficile

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12
Q

buzzwords: canned food, floppy baby syndrome

A

clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

buzzword: poorly kept rice

A

bacillus cereus

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14
Q

buzzwords: hospital acquired infection, excessive antibiotic use, white plaques on colonic mucosa

A

clostridium difficile

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15
Q

how is hep A transmitted?

A

faecal-oral route

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16
Q

how is hep B transmitted?

A

sexual, parenteral, perinatal

17
Q

how is hep C transmitted?

A

IVDU, needlestick injuries

18
Q

buzzwords: cross placenta, vertical transmission, unpasteurised milk/dairy, meningitis
what is the associated pathogen?

A

listeria monocytogenes

19
Q

buzzwords: farm, bird droppings in water tank
what is the associated pathogen?

A

campylobacter jejuni

20
Q

what is the most common type of E. coli infection?

A

enterotoxigenic E. coli –> traveller’s diarrhoea

21
Q

what are the complications of S. aureus infection?

A

scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

22
Q

what parasitic infection is associated with foul smelling cystic stool and steatorrhoea?

A

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)

23
Q

what parasitic infection is associated with poor sanitation and MSM?

A

amoebiasis (entamoeba histolytica)

24
Q

what type of bacteria is clostridium difficile?

A

gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic

25
Q

Please select which one of the following bacteria does NOT cause toxin‐mediated diarrhoea:
a) Campylobacter jejuni
b) Clostridium difficile
c) Enterotoxigenic E coli
d) Vibrio cholerae
e) Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

a) campylobacter jejuni

26
Q

antibiotic use is discouraged in which of the following infections?
a) enteric fever (salmonella typhi)
b) shigellosis
c) salmonella (non-typhoidal)
d) E. coli

A

c) salmonella (non-typhoidal)

27
Q

which exotoxin produced by C. difficile increases intestinal permeability and secretion of fluids?

A

toxin A enterotoxins

28
Q

which exotoxin produced by C. difficile causes colon inflammation, haemostasis and necrosis

A

type B cytotoxin

29
Q

what does treatment of C. difficile infection include?

A
  1. oral vancomycin
  2. oral metronidazole (anti-anaerobic antibiotic)
30
Q

Helicobacter pylori has been strongly associated with which of the following?
a. Peptic ulcer disease
b. Gastric MALT lymphoma
c. Gastric adenocarcinoma

A

all of the above

31
Q

which of the following microorganisms cause secretive diarrhoea?

a. giardia lamblia
b. EHEC
c. campylobacter jejuni
d. clostridium difficle
e. vibrio cholerae

A

e. vibrio cholerae

32
Q

If you suspect an enteric fever, which test should you perform in addition to culturing from the stool?

a. urine antigen test
b. ELISA
c. blood culture
d. Growth on rich media to detect all possible pathogens

A

c. blood culture

gastrointestinal system (8 decks)

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