GIT drugs

Question 1

what is ranitidine?

Answer 1

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 2

what is H2 receptor antagonist contraindicated in?

Answer 2

renal failure

Question 3

what is an adverse effect of H2 receptor antagonist?

Answer 3

gynaecomastia, impotence, interaction with CYP450

Question 4

what drug irreversibly inactivates H+/K+ ATPase proton pump?

Answer 4

PPI (esomeprazole)

Question 5

why should other acid suppressing agents (eg. antacids) not be co-administered with PPIs?

Answer 5

PPIs are only activated in acidic environment

Question 6

which drugs are enteric coated?

Answer 6

PPIs

Question 7

what drugs adhere to ulcers, acting as protective barrier against aggressive luminal factors (eg. acid, pepsin, bile salts)?

Answer 7

sucralfate and bismuth

Question 8

what drug is a complex of aluminium hydroxide and sulfated sucrose?

Answer 8

sucralfate

Question 9

what is sucralfate contraindicated in?

Answer 9

renal failure

Question 10

what adverse effect can sucralfate cause?

Answer 10

constipation

Question 11

what is an example of a prostaglandin analogue?

Answer 11

misoprostol

Question 12

what is misoprostol contraindicated in?

Answer 12

pregnancy

Question 13

which drug has moderate direct bactericidal activity against H.pylori?

Answer 13

bismuth

Question 14

which drug cause blackening of stools and tongue?

Answer 14

bismuth

Question 15

what drugs are part of the triple therapy against H. pylori?

Answer 15

PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Question 16

what drugs are part of the quadruple therapy against H. pylori?

Answer 16

PPI (Esomeprazole) + bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline

Question 17

what type of laxatives involve the formation of bulky hydrated mass that draws water in and promotes peristalsis?

Answer 17

bulk laxatives

Question 18

what laxatives are contraindicated in children and patients with poor renal function?

Answer 18

osmotic laxatives

Question 19

what is senna?

Answer 19

stimulant laxatives

Question 20

what is the MOA of stimulant laxatives?

Answer 20

stimulate myenteric plexus –> increase peristalsis and defecation

Question 21

what is the first-line drug indication for children with constipation?

Answer 21

sodium docusate

Question 22

what is the MOA of sodium docusate?

Answer 22

contains surfactant –> decreases surface tension of water on stools –> water can enter stools more easily

Question 23

what drug is useful in patients where straining should be avoided?

Answer 23

sodium docusate (faecal softener)

Question 24

what is metoclopramide?

Answer 24

D2 receptor antagonist

Question 25

what is the MOA of loperamide?

Answer 25

activates mu-receptors --> release of inhibitory neurotransmitters --> decreased activity of myenteric plexus --> decreased peristalsis

Question 26

which drug is indicated in both constipation and vomiting?

Answer 26

metoclopramide

Question 27

what is promethazine?

Answer 27

H1 receptor antagonist

Question 28

what is ondansetron?

Answer 28

5HT3 antagonist

Question 29

what is promethazine usually used for?

Answer 29

motion sickness and morning sickness in pregnancy

Question 30

which anti-emetic can cross BBB and exert CNS side effects?

Answer 30

promethazine (h1 receptor antagonist) metoclopramide (D2 receptor antagonist)