Infections of Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Gastrointestinal anthrax
A
- Bacillus anthracis
G(+) rod, endospore former; facultative anaerobe - Other forms: inhalation, cutaneous (>95% are cutaneous)
- Eating undercooked or raw meat from infected animals. - More common in countries that don’t vaccinate against anthrax. Not communicable between humans
- IP 1-7 days; flu-like symptoms; spores may cause lesions in GI tract & cause bleeding; Systemic disease is fatal 25-60% of the time
- penicillin was used until resistant was built up; Cipro is used w/penicillin, but toxin does the damage.
2
Q
Rotavirus
A
Rotavirus
- watery diarrhea, dehydration (sunken fontanel, sunken eyes); most common cause of viral enteritis in infants & small children; each year nearly 500,000 children die; 2 mil hospitalized (developing countries)
- misnomer = “stomach flu”
- more common in winter
- fecal oral transmission
- viral capsids resemble little wheels (rota)
- Rotarix & Rotateq vaccine (attenuated)
3
Q
Norovirus (aka “Winter Vomiting Bug”)
A
Norwalk Virus / Norovirus
- named for outbreak in 1968 in Norwalk, OH
- Common “stomach bug” in US; nearly half of all US outbreaks of acute infectious nonbacterial enteritis
- affects older children & adults more than infants/preschoolers; outbreaks in hospitals, schools, nursing homes
- extremely contagious; occurs all year, but more common in winter when people are inside
- 1-3 days of diarrhea & vomiting; dehydration (sunken eyes); can be fatal to immunocompromised
- low ID50 (<100 viral particles)
- no vaccine
4
Q
Poliomyelitis
A
Poliovirus
- 3 strains of polioviruses ( Types 1,2,3); affect motor neurons of spinal cord/brain
- partial or complete paralysis of muscles, usually in legs
- fecal-oral & from pharyngeal secretions
- eradicated except in Pakistan, Nigeria & Afghanistan
- vaccines: IPV (injected/inactivated) & OPV (oral/live)
5
Q
Hepatitis A
A
Hepatitis A virus
- flu-like, dark urine, light stools, jaundice
- self-limiting; chronic infection rare; does NOT cause liver cancer
- fecal-oral; children & young adults
- treat symptoms
- vaccine = Havrix
6
Q
Hepatitis E
A
Hepatitis E virus
- becoming more common; fecal-oral; person to person uncommon
- self-limiting; not chronic; jaundice; usually recover w/in 45 days
- infection occurs in areas of low sanitation standards; recent outbreak in France related to poorly cooked pork
- no vaccine