Infections of Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Gastrointestinal anthrax

A
  • Bacillus anthracis
    G(+) rod, endospore former; facultative anaerobe
  • Other forms: inhalation, cutaneous (>95% are cutaneous)
  • Eating undercooked or raw meat from infected animals. - More common in countries that don’t vaccinate against anthrax. Not communicable between humans
  • IP 1-7 days; flu-like symptoms; spores may cause lesions in GI tract & cause bleeding; Systemic disease is fatal 25-60% of the time
  • penicillin was used until resistant was built up; Cipro is used w/penicillin, but toxin does the damage.
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2
Q

Rotavirus

A

Rotavirus

  • watery diarrhea, dehydration (sunken fontanel, sunken eyes); most common cause of viral enteritis in infants & small children; each year nearly 500,000 children die; 2 mil hospitalized (developing countries)
  • misnomer = “stomach flu”
  • more common in winter
  • fecal oral transmission
  • viral capsids resemble little wheels (rota)
  • Rotarix & Rotateq vaccine (attenuated)
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3
Q

Norovirus (aka “Winter Vomiting Bug”)

A

Norwalk Virus / Norovirus

  • named for outbreak in 1968 in Norwalk, OH
  • Common “stomach bug” in US; nearly half of all US outbreaks of acute infectious nonbacterial enteritis
  • affects older children & adults more than infants/preschoolers; outbreaks in hospitals, schools, nursing homes
  • extremely contagious; occurs all year, but more common in winter when people are inside
  • 1-3 days of diarrhea & vomiting; dehydration (sunken eyes); can be fatal to immunocompromised
  • low ID50 (<100 viral particles)
  • no vaccine
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4
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Poliovirus

  • 3 strains of polioviruses ( Types 1,2,3); affect motor neurons of spinal cord/brain
  • partial or complete paralysis of muscles, usually in legs
  • fecal-oral & from pharyngeal secretions
  • eradicated except in Pakistan, Nigeria & Afghanistan
  • vaccines: IPV (injected/inactivated) & OPV (oral/live)
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5
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Hepatitis A virus

  • flu-like, dark urine, light stools, jaundice
  • self-limiting; chronic infection rare; does NOT cause liver cancer
  • fecal-oral; children & young adults
  • treat symptoms
  • vaccine = Havrix
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6
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Hepatitis E virus

  • becoming more common; fecal-oral; person to person uncommon
  • self-limiting; not chronic; jaundice; usually recover w/in 45 days
  • infection occurs in areas of low sanitation standards; recent outbreak in France related to poorly cooked pork
  • no vaccine
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