Diseases of Skin, Mucosa, Eyes, Wounds

Question 1

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus

• caused by exotoxins called exoliatins
• toxins cause upper skin layers to separate & peel
• high fever, susceptible to 2ndary infection
• most common in infants

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 2

Scalded Skin syndrome
Toxis Shock Syndrome
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Conjunctivitis

Question 3

Folliculitis / Abscesses / Boils / Stys

Answer 3

Staphylococcus sp.

inflammation of hair follicles or glands

Question 4

Impetigo

Answer 4

Streptococcus pyogenes &/or Staphylococcus aureus

• highly contagious pyoderma (pus producing skin infection); honey brown colored; crusty scabs
• affects mainly children
• treat with penicillin
• usually heals w/o scarring, but may lose pigment

Question 5

Cellulitis

Answer 5

Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus

• can also be caused by Hib
• caused by a fast-spreading infection in the dermis & subcutaneous tissues
• pain, tenderness, lymphangitis (streaks leading away from the area - inflammatory products being carried away by the lymphatic system)

Question 6

Acne

Answer 6

Propionibacterium acnes (& others)

Question 7

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Answer 7

Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- swollen eyelid, bacterial has more pus than viral

Question 8

Trachoma

Answer 8

Chlamydia trachomatis

• “pebbled or rough” - scarring of eyelids causes eyelashes to point inward
• leading cause of preventable blindness
• transmission: touching infected genitals, perinatally, flies (mechanical vectors)

Question 9

Burn infections

Answer 9

Pseudomonas aeruginosa & others

Question 10

Gas Gangrene

Answer 10

Clostridium perfringens (& other species)
aerotolerant anaerobes; endospore formers
- often a mixed infection
- causes a “snap, crackle, pop” sound in CREPITANT TISSUE (distrted tissue caused by gas bubbles)

Question 11

Necrotizing fasciitis = flesh eating bacteria

Answer 11

Streptococcus pyogenes; less commonly S. aureus.
Transmission: abdominal surgery, scratching a rash, vaginal birth, any opening in skin
- bacteria attack the subcutaneous connective tissue which then become gangrenous. Infection moves swiftly under skin.
- Pain is much more than would be expected
- infected tissue must be removed
- Treat with ________________

Question 12

Wound botulism

Answer 12

Clostridium botulinum
G(+) bacillus, endospore former
Treat with antitoxin

Question 13

Cutaneous Anthrax

Answer 13

Bacillus anthracis
G(+) rod; endospore former, facultative anaerobe
- over 95% are this form
MOA - contact w/infected animals or animal products; “wool sorters’ disease”
- endospore infection forms BLACK ESCHAR
-Vaccine: an effective one exists, but requires 6 shots w/in 18 months, followed by a booster every year after. Researchers are working on another one.
- Treat with penicillin, now Cipro.

Question 14

Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 14

Molluscum Contagiosum virus

• skin disease causing one or more small lesions/bumps.
• generally benign & symptoms may self-revolve.
• transmission: skin-to-skin contact; STD
• small red bumps - on kids - trunk, face; adults - thighs, buttocks, groin
• lesions can last from 2 weeks to 4 years (avg is 2 years)
• AIDS patients may develop extensive outbreaks

Question 15

Genital Warts or Condyloma

Answer 15

Human Papillomavirus

• > 100 strains of HPV identified. About 40 cause genital warts and cancer; not all strains that cause gw cause cancer.
• HPV causes virtually all cervical cancer, most anal cancer, some vaginal, vulvar, penile, & oropharyngeal cancers.
• genital warts are one of the most common STD’s
• Vaccine: Gardasil includes 4 HPV strains (6, 11, 16, 18)