Infections lecture 2: Bacterial Infection of Core Systems

Question 1

What is the commonly caused bacteria in a lower UTI

Answer 1

E coli from GI tract in bladder and urethra

Question 2

What are the risk factors of a lower UTI

Answer 2

Female
Sexual activity 
Pregnancy 
Post menopausal
Diabetes

Question 3

What are the symptoms of a lower UTI

Answer 3

Increased urgency
Dysuria
Lower abdominal pain
Pelvic/back pain
Cloudy or bloody urine
Strong smelling urine 
Fever

Question 4

What is the first line treatment for a lower UTI

Answer 4

Short course of NITROFURANTOIN OR TRIMETHOPRIM

3 days mainly

Question 5

What is the commonly caused bacteria of pneumonia

Answer 5

Strep Pneumoniae (pneumococcal)

Question 6

What are the symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 6

Cough
Breathing difficulty
Fever
Loss of Appetite
malaise
shivering
chest pain

Question 7

What are the treatment options of pneumonia

Answer 7

Mild- amoxicillin

Severe- IV antibiotics

Question 8

What is the commonly causative organism for infective endocarditis

Answer 8

Commonly S.aureus or Strep caused by heart valve replacement or damage

Question 9

What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis

Answer 9

Fever
Chills
Heart Murmurs
Tiredness/fatigue
Cough
Headache
Shortness of Breath
Night Sweats

Question 10

How do you treat infective endocarditis

Answer 10

Strep- Gentamicin
Staph- Flucloxacillin

Serious: ampicillin
Flucloxacillin/gentamicin- common pathogens

Question 11

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 11

1. Increased vaginal discharge
2. White or pale grey
3. Thin, smooth, milky, creamy
4. Distinctly fishy (worse after sex)
5. Itching or burning or irritation usually not present

Question 12

What are the symptoms of candidiasis (thrush)?

Answer 12

1. Increased vaginal discharge
2. White
3. Cottage cheese like
4. No bad odour
5. Vaginal itching, burning, painful sex and urination

Question 13

What is the usual treatment option for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 13

Oral Metronidazole 5-7 days

Topical Metronidazole gel 5 days

Clindamycin cream 7 days

Question 14

What common bacteria causes Folliculitis and describe what it is

Answer 14

Staphylococcus

Inflamed hair follicles

Question 15

How do you treat Folliculitis

Answer 15

Good hygiene
Antiseptics
Local or oral antibiotics if necessary

Question 16

How do you treat mild, moderate, severe acne

Answer 16

Mild: topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide

Moderate: topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotic

Severe: treatment with ORAL TETRACYCLINE

Question 17

What common bacteria causes Impetigo

Answer 17

Break in skin with staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

What are the symptoms of impetigo

Answer 18

Sores (red spots, itchy, develop blisters, burst forming crusts)
Swollen Glands

Question 19

What is the available treatment for impetigo

Answer 19

Good hygiene
Topical FUSIDIC acid- 7days
or Mupirocin

Wide spread:
Oral flucloxacillin (staph)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (strep)

Question 20

What is cellulitis and its symptoms

Answer 20

Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin- hot and painful

Question 21

What is the cause of cellulitis

Answer 21

Streptococcus

Staphylococcus

Question 22

how do you treat cellulitis

Answer 22

High dose: Flucloxacillin
Strep: Phenoxymethylpenicillin or benzylpenicillin
Gram negative: broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 23

What is bacterial conjunctivitis normally caused by

Answer 23

Staph aureus
H influenzae
S. pneumoniae

Question 24

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 24

Thick, yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
Sandy, gritty, itchy feeling in eye
Pink and red eye

Question 25

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 25

Topical antibiotics: chloramphenicol 0.5 or 1% | Self limiting

Question 26

What is Otitis externa normally caused by

Answer 26

Swimming | S.aureus or fungal

Question 27

What are the symptoms of otitis externa

Answer 27

``` Pain Itchiness Discharge Slight temp/hearing loss Pressure ```

Question 28

What are the treatment options for otitis externa

Answer 28

Self limiting Pain relief- paracetamol Solutions like acetic acid, clotrimazole, neomycin (antibiotic)

Question 29

What is otitis media normally caused by

Answer 29

Commonly viral | Bacterial- strep pneumoniae

Question 30

What are the symptoms of otitis media

Answer 30

``` Ear ache High temperature (fever) Vomiting Lack of energy Slight hearing loss ```

Question 31

How do you treat otitis media

Answer 31

Normally self limiting (3 days) | Severe: Amoxicillin

Question 32

What are the two different types of sore throat and describe them

Answer 32

Pharyngitis- throat inflamed, caused by strep Tonsilitis- inflamed tonsils

Question 33

How do you treat septic arthritis and osteomyelitis

Answer 33

Flucloxacillin for 4-6 weeks | Flucloxacillin for 6 weeks + Fusidic acid/rifampicin

Question 34

What are the bacterial causes of bacterial meningitis

Answer 34

Strep pneumoniae Meningococcal HiB

Question 35

What are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis

Answer 35

``` Headache Stiff neck Photophobia Altered consciousness Non blanching rash ```

Question 36

How do you treat bacterial meningitis

Answer 36

Benzylpenicillin (parenteral) | Hospital IV: ceftriaxone/cefotaxime and corticosteroids (dexamethasone)