Infections lecture 2: Bacterial Infection of Core Systems Flashcards
What is the commonly caused bacteria in a lower UTI
E coli from GI tract in bladder and urethra
What are the risk factors of a lower UTI
Female Sexual activity Pregnancy Post menopausal Diabetes
What are the symptoms of a lower UTI
Increased urgency Dysuria Lower abdominal pain Pelvic/back pain Cloudy or bloody urine Strong smelling urine Fever
What is the first line treatment for a lower UTI
Short course of NITROFURANTOIN OR TRIMETHOPRIM
3 days mainly
What is the commonly caused bacteria of pneumonia
Strep Pneumoniae (pneumococcal)
What are the symptoms of pneumonia
Cough Breathing difficulty Fever Loss of Appetite malaise shivering chest pain
What are the treatment options of pneumonia
Mild- amoxicillin
Severe- IV antibiotics
What is the commonly causative organism for infective endocarditis
Commonly S.aureus or Strep caused by heart valve replacement or damage
What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis
Fever Chills Heart Murmurs Tiredness/fatigue Cough Headache Shortness of Breath Night Sweats
How do you treat infective endocarditis
Strep- Gentamicin
Staph- Flucloxacillin
Serious: ampicillin
Flucloxacillin/gentamicin- common pathogens
What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
- Increased vaginal discharge
- White or pale grey
- Thin, smooth, milky, creamy
- Distinctly fishy (worse after sex)
- Itching or burning or irritation usually not present
What are the symptoms of candidiasis (thrush)?
- Increased vaginal discharge
- White
- Cottage cheese like
- No bad odour
- Vaginal itching, burning, painful sex and urination
What is the usual treatment option for bacterial vaginosis
Oral Metronidazole 5-7 days
Topical Metronidazole gel 5 days
Clindamycin cream 7 days
What common bacteria causes Folliculitis and describe what it is
Staphylococcus
Inflamed hair follicles
How do you treat Folliculitis
Good hygiene
Antiseptics
Local or oral antibiotics if necessary
How do you treat mild, moderate, severe acne
Mild: topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide
Moderate: topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotic
Severe: treatment with ORAL TETRACYCLINE
What common bacteria causes Impetigo
Break in skin with staphylococcus aureus
What are the symptoms of impetigo
Sores (red spots, itchy, develop blisters, burst forming crusts)
Swollen Glands
What is the available treatment for impetigo
Good hygiene
Topical FUSIDIC acid- 7days
or Mupirocin
Wide spread:
Oral flucloxacillin (staph)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (strep)
What is cellulitis and its symptoms
Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin- hot and painful
What is the cause of cellulitis
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
how do you treat cellulitis
High dose: Flucloxacillin
Strep: Phenoxymethylpenicillin or benzylpenicillin
Gram negative: broad spectrum antibiotics
What is bacterial conjunctivitis normally caused by
Staph aureus
H influenzae
S. pneumoniae
What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis
Thick, yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
Sandy, gritty, itchy feeling in eye
Pink and red eye
Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
Topical antibiotics: chloramphenicol 0.5 or 1%
Self limiting
What is Otitis externa normally caused by
Swimming
S.aureus or fungal
What are the symptoms of otitis externa
Pain Itchiness Discharge Slight temp/hearing loss Pressure
What are the treatment options for otitis externa
Self limiting
Pain relief- paracetamol
Solutions like acetic acid, clotrimazole, neomycin (antibiotic)
What is otitis media normally caused by
Commonly viral
Bacterial- strep pneumoniae
What are the symptoms of otitis media
Ear ache High temperature (fever) Vomiting Lack of energy Slight hearing loss
How do you treat otitis media
Normally self limiting (3 days)
Severe: Amoxicillin
What are the two different types of sore throat and describe them
Pharyngitis- throat inflamed, caused by strep
Tonsilitis- inflamed tonsils
How do you treat septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
Flucloxacillin for 4-6 weeks
Flucloxacillin for 6 weeks + Fusidic acid/rifampicin
What are the bacterial causes of bacterial meningitis
Strep pneumoniae
Meningococcal
HiB
What are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis
Headache Stiff neck Photophobia Altered consciousness Non blanching rash
How do you treat bacterial meningitis
Benzylpenicillin (parenteral)
Hospital IV: ceftriaxone/cefotaxime and corticosteroids (dexamethasone)
