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PM3A: Autumn > Infections lecture 2: Bacterial Infection of Core Systems > Flashcards

Infections lecture 2: Bacterial Infection of Core Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the commonly caused bacteria in a lower UTI

A

E coli from GI tract in bladder and urethra

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2
Q

What are the risk factors of a lower UTI

A 
Female
Sexual activity 
Pregnancy 
Post menopausal
Diabetes
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of a lower UTI

A 
Increased urgency
Dysuria
Lower abdominal pain
Pelvic/back pain
Cloudy or bloody urine
Strong smelling urine 
Fever
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4
Q

What is the first line treatment for a lower UTI

A

Short course of NITROFURANTOIN OR TRIMETHOPRIM

3 days mainly

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5
Q

What is the commonly caused bacteria of pneumonia

A

Strep Pneumoniae (pneumococcal)

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia

A 
Cough
Breathing difficulty
Fever
Loss of Appetite
malaise
shivering
chest pain
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7
Q

What are the treatment options of pneumonia

A

Mild- amoxicillin

Severe- IV antibiotics

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8
Q

What is the commonly causative organism for infective endocarditis

A

Commonly S.aureus or Strep caused by heart valve replacement or damage

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis

A 
Fever
Chills
Heart Murmurs
Tiredness/fatigue
Cough
Headache
Shortness of Breath
Night Sweats
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10
Q

How do you treat infective endocarditis

A

Strep- Gentamicin
Staph- Flucloxacillin

Serious: ampicillin
Flucloxacillin/gentamicin- common pathogens

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  1. Increased vaginal discharge
  2. White or pale grey
  3. Thin, smooth, milky, creamy
  4. Distinctly fishy (worse after sex)
  5. Itching or burning or irritation usually not present
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of candidiasis (thrush)?

A
  1. Increased vaginal discharge
  2. White
  3. Cottage cheese like
  4. No bad odour
  5. Vaginal itching, burning, painful sex and urination
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13
Q

What is the usual treatment option for bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral Metronidazole 5-7 days

Topical Metronidazole gel 5 days

Clindamycin cream 7 days

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14
Q

What common bacteria causes Folliculitis and describe what it is

A

Staphylococcus

Inflamed hair follicles

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15
Q

How do you treat Folliculitis

A

Good hygiene
Antiseptics
Local or oral antibiotics if necessary

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16
Q

How do you treat mild, moderate, severe acne

A

Mild: topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide

Moderate: topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotic

Severe: treatment with ORAL TETRACYCLINE

17
Q

What common bacteria causes Impetigo

A

Break in skin with staphylococcus aureus

18
Q

What are the symptoms of impetigo

A

Sores (red spots, itchy, develop blisters, burst forming crusts)
Swollen Glands

19
Q

What is the available treatment for impetigo

A

Good hygiene
Topical FUSIDIC acid- 7days
or Mupirocin

Wide spread:
Oral flucloxacillin (staph)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (strep)

20
Q

What is cellulitis and its symptoms

A

Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin- hot and painful

21
Q

What is the cause of cellulitis

A

Streptococcus

Staphylococcus

22
Q

how do you treat cellulitis

A

High dose: Flucloxacillin
Strep: Phenoxymethylpenicillin or benzylpenicillin
Gram negative: broad spectrum antibiotics

23
Q

What is bacterial conjunctivitis normally caused by

A

Staph aureus
H influenzae
S. pneumoniae

24
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Thick, yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
Sandy, gritty, itchy feeling in eye
Pink and red eye

25
Q

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical antibiotics: chloramphenicol 0.5 or 1%

Self limiting

26
Q

What is Otitis externa normally caused by

A

Swimming

S.aureus or fungal

27
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis externa

A 
Pain
Itchiness
Discharge
Slight temp/hearing loss
Pressure
28
Q

What are the treatment options for otitis externa

A

Self limiting
Pain relief- paracetamol
Solutions like acetic acid, clotrimazole, neomycin (antibiotic)

29
Q

What is otitis media normally caused by

A

Commonly viral

Bacterial- strep pneumoniae

30
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis media

A 
Ear ache
High temperature (fever)
Vomiting 
Lack of energy
Slight hearing loss
31
Q

How do you treat otitis media

A

Normally self limiting (3 days)

Severe: Amoxicillin

32
Q

What are the two different types of sore throat and describe them

A

Pharyngitis- throat inflamed, caused by strep

Tonsilitis- inflamed tonsils

33
Q

How do you treat septic arthritis and osteomyelitis

A

Flucloxacillin for 4-6 weeks

Flucloxacillin for 6 weeks + Fusidic acid/rifampicin

34
Q

What are the bacterial causes of bacterial meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae
Meningococcal
HiB

35
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A 
Headache
Stiff neck
Photophobia
Altered consciousness
Non blanching rash
36
Q

How do you treat bacterial meningitis

A

Benzylpenicillin (parenteral)

Hospital IV: ceftriaxone/cefotaxime and corticosteroids (dexamethasone)

PM3A: Autumn (20 decks)

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