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3a Women's health > Infections in pregnancy > Flashcards

Infections in pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What causes rubella

A

togavirus

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2
Q

Why should pregnant women not be offered the MMR vaccine

A

It is a live vaccine

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3
Q

When is the risk of damage to the fetus from congenital rubella syndrome highest

A
  • in first 8-10 weeks risk of damage to fetus is as high as 90%
  • damage is rare after 16 weeks
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4
Q

Give 5 features of congenital rubella syndrome

A
  • Congenital sensorineural deafness
  • Congenital cataracts
  • Congenital heart disease (Patent ductus arteriosus)
  • cerebral palsy
  • ‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis
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5
Q

How is rubella in pregnancy managed

A
  • non-immune mothers offered MMR vaccine postnatally
  • suspected cases should be discussed with the local health protection unit
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6
Q

What is the recommendation for women regarding pregnancy after receiving the MMR

A

Women should avoid becoming pregnant for 28 days following receipt of the MMR vaccine

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7
Q

Give 5 features of congenital cytomegalovirus

A
  • Low birth weight
  • sensorineural deafness
  • petechial ‘blueberry muffin’ skin lesions
  • seizures
  • Microcephaly
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8
Q

Give 4 RFs for group B streptococcus infection in neonates with infected mothers

A
  • prematurity
  • prolonged rupture of the membranes (>18h)
  • previous sibling GBS infection
  • maternal pyrexia e.g. secondary to chorioamnionitis
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9
Q

What is the criteria for maternal prophylactic treatment of group B strep in pregnant women

A
  • women who have had group B detected in a previous pregnancy
  • women with a previous baby with GBS
  • women in preterm labour regardless of their GBS status
  • women with a pyrexia during labour (>38ºC)
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10
Q

What is the prophylactic management of group B strep in pregnancy

A
  • IV benzylpenicillin
  • clindamycin/ vancomycin if penicillin CI
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11
Q

what causes toxoplasmosis

A

infection with toxoplasma gondii parasite

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12
Q

Give 3 ways toxoplasmosis is spread

A
  • cat faeces
  • soil
  • eating infected meat
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13
Q

When is the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis higher during pregnancy?

A

risk is higher later in the pregnancy.

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14
Q

Give 3 features of congenital toxoplasmosis

A
  • Intracranial calcification
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Chorioretinitis (inflammation of the choroid and retina in the eye)
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15
Q

How is herpes simplex virus-2 managed in pregnancy

A
  • elective C-section at term is adviced if a primary attack of herpes occurs during pregnancy >28 weeks
  • women with recurrent herpes who are pregnant should be treated with suppressive therapy
  • aciclovir for exposed neonates
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16
Q

What are the complications of infection with parvovirus B19 in pregnancy

A
  • miscarriage or fetal death
  • severe fetal anaemia
  • hydrops fetalis
17
Q

Give 3 features of parvovirus B19

A
  • diffuse red rash on both cheeks (slapped cheek syndrome)
  • reticular erythematous rash affecting trunks/ limbs
  • arthralgia
18
Q

How is Hep B transmitted from pregnant women to babies

A

vertical transmission at delivery

19
Q

How is Hep B in pregnancy managed

A
  • all pregnant women are offered screening for hepatitis B
  • neonatal vaccinations and hepatitis B immunoglobulin
  • antivirals (tenofovir) from 32w in women with high viral loads
20
Q

Give 2 pregnancy-related complications more common in HIV-infected women?

A
  • pre-eclampsia
  • gestational diabetes
21
Q

Give 3 fetal complications associated with a HIV positive pregnant mother

A
  • still birth
  • growth restriction
  • prematurity
22
Q

When does vertical transmission of HIV from mother to baby typically occur?

A
  • after 36 weeks gestation
  • during labor (intrapartum)
  • during breastfeeding
23
Q

Give 4 methods to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in infected pregnant women

A
  • maternal antiretroviral therapy
  • mode of delivery (caesarean section)
  • neonatal antiretroviral therapy
  • bottle feeding (avoid breastfeeding)
24
Q

What is the criteria for HIV screening in pregnant women

A

all pregnant women are offered HIV screening

25
Q

How is HIV in pregnant women managed

A
  • maternal antiretroviral therapy
  • vaginal delivery if viral load <50 copies/ml at 36w
  • prelabour caesarean if viral load >50 copies/ml
    neonatal ART depends on mum’s viral load:
  • <50 copies/ ml: zidovudine for 2-4w
  • > 50: triple ART for 4-6w
26
Q

When should pregnant women be offered the pertussis vaccine

A

Between 16-32 weeks

3a Women's health (12 decks)

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