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Dermatology > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Varicella zoster (chicken pox) vaccine offered to who

A

Non immune health care workers
Pregnant women
Those in contact with i/s patients

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2
Q

Reactivation of dormant VZvirus?

A

Shingles (herpes zoster)

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3
Q

Opthalmic shingles = reactivation of virus in what nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V1)

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4
Q

Management of opthalamic shingles?

A

Urgent referral to opth

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5
Q

Reactivation of the virus (shingles) within the geniculate nucleus of the facial nerve - Dx??

A

Ramsay hunt syndrome

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6
Q

Presentation of ramsay hunt syndrome?

A 
Rash and pain in auditory canal 
Associated:
Bells palsy
Deafness
Vertigo
Tinnitus
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7
Q

Whats bells palsy?

A

Bell’s palsy is a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face. It can occur when the nerve that controls your facial muscles becomes inflamed, swollen, or compressed. The condition causes one side of your face to droop or become stiff.

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8
Q

Treatment of shingles?

A

Oral aciclovir and analgesia

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9
Q

Shingles main complication?

A

Post herpetic neuralgia (dermatomal pain following resolution)

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10
Q

Recurrent herpes simplex disease can present with what skin rash?

A

Erythema multiforme

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11
Q

Inoculation of herpes simplex virus in the finger - solitary painful lesion?

A

Herpetic whitlow

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12
Q

Monomorphic punched out lesions (disseminated infection) seen in children with atopic eczema ?

A

Eczema herpecticum

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13
Q

Herpes simplex treatment ?

A

Analgesia
Oral/IV aciclovir
Education about spread

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14
Q

HPV virus
types 1-4 cause ?
types 6 and 11 cause?
types 16 and 18 (and 33) cause?

A

common warts

genital warts

Cervical cancer

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15
Q

Treatment of common warts?

A

salicyclic acid
cryotherapy
imiquimod

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16
Q

Treatment of genital warts ?

A

Podophyllin or cryotherapy

Imiquimod

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17
Q

itchy solid pearly pink papules with umbilicated centre?

A

molluscum contagiosum

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18
Q

cause of molluscum contagiosum?

A

pox virus

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19
Q

Molluscum contagiosum - lesion usually where ?

Treatment?

A

head neck and trunk

self limiting - nil treatment

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20
Q

Initially Bilateral macular erythema on cheeks of a child and then maculopapular rash with lacy erythem on trunk/limbs Dx?

A

Slapped cheek disease (Erythema infectiosum)

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21
Q

What is erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek) caused by?

A

Parvovirus B19

can be detcted by B19 IgM

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22
Q

Slapped check ass symptoms?

Management?

A

Fever and polyarthritis

Self limiting - nil T

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23
Q

Paropox virus (found in sheep) can cause what skin problem ?

A

Orf

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24
Q

Orf (parapox virus) normally seen in what occupation?

A

farmers

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25
Orf morphology? Treatment?
Single firm fleshy nodules on hands | Self limiting
26
Coxsackie virus can cause what skin problem?
Hand foot and mouth disease
27
Presentation/symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease ? Rash? | Where?
Prodromal fever and malaise Grey vesicles surrounded by erythema and mouth ulcers Rash - hands and feet
28
Treatment of hand foot and mouth disease?
Nil - self limiting
29
Majority of dermatophyte fungal infections caused by what organism?
trichophyton rabrum
30
Body part affected : a) Tinea capitis b) barbae c) corporis d) tinea mannum e) tinea unguium f) tinea cruris g) tinea pedis
``` head beard body hand nail groin foot ```
31
Appearance of fungal rash? Shape of lesion??
Erythematous scaly itchy ring shaped lesion with actively expanding edge and resolving centre
32
Dx?
Skin scraping | or nail clipping
33
Skin scraping taken from where in lesion
edge of lesion
34
Treatment if localized ? | Treatment continued for how many days after lesions healed?
Topical antifungals clotrimazole, miconazole (2-3 times daily apply) 10
35
Treatment for athletes foot ?
Terbinafine (for a week)
36
Widespread infection or nail infection T?
ORAL anti fungals
37
If finger nails affected - T and how long?
Terbinafine (6-12 weeks)
38
If toenail fungal infection - T and duration?
Terbinafine ( 3-6 months)
39
Yeast infection particularly common in i/c patients ?
Candida albicans
40
Candida albicans - normally affects what regions ?
Mouth genitals and flexural areas | under breasts, fat rolls, nappy area
41
Candida albicans - morphogoly of rash ? a) oral? b) genital?
a) white lesions that can be scraped off | b) white discharge (cottage cheese and non offensive) and itch (may be satellite lesions)
42
if candida affects skin - morphology? (under breats etc)
itchy scaly erythema with ragged peeling edges and satellite lesions
43
what are satellite lesions?
pustules or erythema that are just beyond the margins of the primary lesion
44
Ix for candidiasis ?
skin scraping
45
Treatment of candida infection: 1) if oral ? 2) genital? 3) skin?
1) nystatin 2) topical clotrimazole (pessary) can give oral itraconazole - but oral treatments CI in pregnancy) 3) topical clotrimazole or oral antifungal
46
Treatment with oral anti fungals (especially Terbinafine) requires monitoring of what and why?
LFTs | hepatotoxicity
47
Well defined macular lesions with fine scale that are either hypo or hyper pigmented - often noticed after being on holiday?
Pityriasis versicolor
48
Why noticed after being on holiday?
May be where infection picked up | Tan development will show up the hypopigmented areas
49
Cause of pityriasis versicolor? organism?
Yeast infection - Melassezia
50
most commonly melassezia inf occurs where ?
hot humid conditions
51
rash appears where on body?
back chest arms
52
Treatment of pityriasis versicolor?
Topical anti fungals Ketoconazole If extensive/failure to respond to topical - oral itraconazole
53
Highly contagious superficial bacterial skin infection affecting face of children - erythematous base and honey golden crust??
Impetigo
54
Cause of impetigo?
Staph aureus +/- strep pyogenes
55
T of impetigo?
Topical fusidic acid
56
T of impetigo if extensive or severe?
oral flucloxacillin or clartihromycin + | topical fusidic acid
57
Folliculitis (superficial or deep infection of hair follicile) organism? Hx of hot tub use - organism?
staph aureus | pseudomonas
58
rash with folliculitis?
erythematous papules/pustules on hair bearing sites | itch
59
infection of single follicie?
boil (large papule)
60
infection of multiple follicles?
furnacle (nodules)
61
Treatment folliculitis: a) 1st line? b) if boils/furnacles ?
usually mild and self limiting a) topical BPO (benzoyl peroxide) + loose clothing b) oral flucloxacillin
62
Acute serious infection of skin/soft tissues m/c in the legs?
Cellulitis
63
causative organisms - cellulitis ?
Strep pyogenes +/- staph aureus
64
Cellulitis normally seen where ? | More common in pts with what condition?
Legs | DM
65
typical rash of cellulitis?
macular hot erythema ill defined edges and spreading
66
signs and symptoms ass with cellulitis?
malaise, flu like, leg pain and swelling, local lymphadenopathy
67
Ix/Dx?
Bacterial swab for culture and sensitivity
68
Cellulitis | 1st line T?
Flucloxacillin | alternative - doxycycline
69
Treatment if SEVERE cellulitis ?
IV flucloxacillin (and benzylpenicillin) or Vancomycin if allergic
70
What is ersipelas?
superficial form of cellulitis
71
organism in ersipelas?
strep pyogenes
72
Ersipelas - m/c affects where? | rash appearance ?
face and it spreads well demarcated, erythematous plaque
73
associated symptoms in ersipelas ?
fever and systemic upset
74
Treatment of ersipelas ?
IV flucloxacillin
75
highly contagious skin infestation? (caused by sarcoptes scabei)
Scabies
76
Presentation of scabies? | Rash?
``` Severe itch (worse at night) Erythematous papules, vesicles, pustules or nodules and visible skin burrows ```
77
scabies rash normally where on body?
web spaces, wrists, axillae, umbilicus, buttocks and groin
78
Highly contagious form of scabies seen in the elderly or i/c pts ?
Norweigan scabies
79
scabies treatment ? 1st line ? 2nd line?
1) Permethrin | 2) malathion
80
how long might itch persist even after eradication of scabies?
4-6 weeks
81
severe itch and visible eggs in hair - Dx?
head lice
82
head lice management ?
Malathion and physical removal via combing
83
Disease caused by tick bite (USA and europe)? organism = borrelia burgdoferi
Lyme disease
84
Presentation of lyme disease has 3 stages - 1st ? 2nd? 3rd?
1) 2 weeks after bite - bullseye lesion 2) 6 months after bite - malaise/arthralgia + bluish/red swellings on ears and nipples 3) 6mth - 8 yrs after bite. bluish discolouration/atrophy of skin. Chronic pain.
85
Dx lyme disease ?
Serology
86
T of lyme disease ?
Remove tick Doxycycline Amoxicillin

Dermatology (9 decks)

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