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Microbiology > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transmission of infection

A

Reservoir
Mode of transmission
Susceptible host

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2
Q

Reservoir

A

Human being
Animal
Plants
Soil or inanimate matters

Parasite lives and multiplies depends 1o rily for survival
Eg,reservoir of cl butolinium in soil, source-contaminated food

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3
Q

Source of infection

A

-Endo
Non pathogenic as normal flora ,behaves as pathogen outside their habitat
E.coli in intestine cause urinary tract infection
Eg,verdant streptococci
-Exogenous
Human case and carriers
Animals
Insects
Soil and water
Food

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4
Q

Define exogenous

A

1,human case
Commonest cause man himself. Parasite originate from a patient
Carriers, person Harbours microbes without affecting from it
2,animals
Act as source of infection
Infection, asympatamatic
Called reservoir host cz they act as reservoir host

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5
Q

Exogenous

A

3,insects
Blood sucking such as
Mosquitoes
Ticks, flies
Mites
Fleas
Lice
Transmit pathogens to man -arthropod born disease
Insects transmitted-vector
4,soil and water
Soil,pathogen survive in soil
Eg,spores of tetanus, gas gangrene viable in soil for decades
Fungi causing histoplasmosis
Parasite such as round worm,hookworm
Water,contamination of water with pathogenic
5,contaminated food
Through food poisoning, gastroenteritis, diarrhea,dysentery

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6
Q

Different Carriers

A

Healthy-one who Harbour the pathogen but never suffered from disease

Convalescent-recover from the disease but continue to Harbour microbe

Temporary -depends on duration of carriage
Less than 6 months

Chronic-carrier stage lasts for several years or for the rest of one’s life

Paradoxical carrier-carrier aquire infection from another

Contact-person aquire pathogen from patient

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7
Q

2 types of vectors

A

Mechanical-carry pathogen on legs, wings,body
Transmit to eatables
Eg, typhoid bacilli to man through food

Biological-
Pathogen multiplies and develops in the body of vector
Eg,d
Female anopheles, malarial parasite

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8
Q

Mode of transmission

A

1,contact -direct and indirect
2,inhalation
3,ingestion
4,inoculation
5,vectors
6,transplacental
7,Inatrogenic

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9
Q

Direct and indirect contact in Mode of transmission

A

Direct/contageous-via skin and mucosa of infected person
Eg,unclean hands, kissing or sexual contact
STDs-syphilis, gonorrhea,herpes simplex ,AIDS
Common cold,eye infections

Indirect/infectious-through formites contaminated by pathogen and act as vehicles for transmission

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10
Q

Inhalation, Mode of transmission

A

During coughing or sneeze, microbe shed into environment by the secreations from nose or throat
Large droplet-travel short distance and remains in the ground
Smaller droplet-remain in air for long

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11
Q

Ingestion of Mode of transmission

A

Contaminated food (mostly)through food poisoning, dysentery, cholera
Contaminated water by faeces of patients

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12
Q

Inoculation in mode of transmission

A

Pathogens directly into host tissue,wounds leading tetanus
Eg bite of racism animal spore cl tetani in soil causerabis varius
Hepatitis B,Hepatitis C ,HIV through contaminated blood by injection of syringe

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13
Q

Vectors as Mode 9f transmission

A

Mechanical:no development or multiplication of agents ,only Mechanical transport
Biological:requires an incubation period before transmission, undergoes multiplication and development

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14
Q

Transplacental as Mode of transmission

A

Agents cross the placental barrier ,infects foetus inside uterus
Vertical transmission
Abortion, stillbirth, miscarriage

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15
Q

In atrogenic

A

During injection,lumbar puncture,dialysis, surgery
Eg,Hepatitis B,AIDS

Materials at high risk
Special care to prevent infection

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16
Q

Susceptible host of transmission

A

Infectious agents enters through urinogenital,conjuctival,cutaneous, respiratory, oral

17
Q

Incubation period

A

Period bw Entry of agent and onset of features of infection

After reading at selective tissue undergoes multiplication

18
Q

Factors predisposing pathogensity

A

Pathogenicity
Virulence
Exaltation
Attenuation

19
Q

Is pathogenisity and virulence the same

A

No.patho-ability of microbes to cause infection
Viru-ablitiy of a strain to cause infection

20
Q

Exaltation and attenuation

A

*enhancing of virulence
*reduction of virulence of strain

21
Q

Determinants of virulence

A

Adhesion
Invasiveness
Antiphagocytic factors

22
Q

Adhesion in aspect of virulence

A

Initial attachment of bacteria
Bw surface receptor of epithelial cells and adhesive structures(adhesin) on surface of bacteria

Eg of adhesion,pili,fimbrae

23
Q

Substance play role in adhesion

A

Outermembrane
Lipopolysaccharide
Glycocalyx
Flagella

24
Q

Invasiveness in virulent determinance

A

Spreading of organism within the host after causing infection
Highly invasive:staphylococcus infection
Less invasive:staphylococcus abscess

25
Q

Antiphagocytic factors in terms,s of virulence

A

Macrophage and polymorphs

26
Q

Factors opposing phagacytic favoring bacterial survival

A

Capsule
Streptococal M protein
Cytotoxin

27
Q

Infectious disease

A

2 types
Localised
Generalised

28
Q

Localized infectious

A

-acute inflammatory at site of invasion
-organism spread via lymph channels, then lymph node ,via blood stream and results in dissemination

29
Q

Generalised infection

A

1,Bacterimia
2,septicimia
3,pyaemia
4,endemic
5,epidemic
6,pandemic

30
Q

Bacterimia, septimia and pyemia as generalised infection

A

*circulation of bacteria in blood
-During chewing, brushing of teeth, or staining at stool occur in healthy individual
-Bacteria mopped by phagacytic cells unable to initiate infection
Eg typhoid fever

*bacteria circulate and multiply, produce toxins and cause high fever

*pyogenic bacteria produce septicemia with multiple abscess within internal organs like kidney, spleen and liver

31
Q

Endemic, epidemic and pandemic

A

*constantly present in a particular area
Eg typhoid fever in India

*At Sametime, spread rapidly to many ppl
Eg influenza causing annual winter epidemics

  • An endemic spread through many areas around world, to large no of ppl,in short period of tym
    Eg,Influenza ,cholera, plague, enteroviral conjuctivitis

Microbiology (11 decks)

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