Infections

Question 1

Rubella

Answer 1

-German measles
-Most important consequence is congenital rubella syndrome (abortion, sensorineural hearing loss, heart disease, cataracts in baby)
-Mild illness
-Erythematous, maculopapular discrete dash is usually first sign (starts on forehead and face, spreads to trunk and extremities, disappears by 3rd day)

Question 2

Rubeola

Answer 2

-Measles
-3 C’s: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
-High fever
-Erythematous, maculopapular rash that starts on forehead/ears/hairline then progresses downward
-Can be on palms and soles
-Sore throat/Koplik spots
-Can have otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia as complications

Question 3

Roseola

Answer 3

-Sixth disease (caused by human herpesvirus 6)
-Abrupt onset of high fever lasting 3-5 days
-Rash follows resolution of fever
-Erythematous, maculopapular rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to arms and neck
-Associated with febrile seizures

Question 4

Erythema Infectiosum

Answer 4

-Fifth disease (human parvovirus B19)
-Mild URI symptoms preceding rash
-Bilateral bright red slapped cheek rash with circumoral pallor
-Spreads to upper arms, legs, trunk, buttocks, and feet (palms and soles spared)
-As rash on face begins to fade, lacy reticular exanthem appears
-Can reappear when exposed to sunlight

Question 5

Mumps

Answer 5

-Acute, self-limiting
-Low-grade fever, malaise, headache, myalgias, anorexia
-48 hours later, swelling of the parotid glands
-Complications: orchitis (testes), oophoritis (ovaries)

Question 6

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 6

-Fever, rash, headache, myalgias, history of tick exposure
-Rash starts on wrists/ankles and spreads to trunk
-Doxycycline

Question 7

Lyme Disease

Answer 7

-Transmission usually occurs after tick has been attached for 36 hours
-Erythema migrans
-Fever, malaise, arthralgia, etc
-ELISA and Western Blot tests
-Doxycycline (amoxicillin if 8 or younger)