Developmental Theories Flashcards
Who are the primary developmental theorists?
Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg
What domain did Freud develop?
Psychosexual
What domain did Erikson develop?
Psychosocial
What domain did Piaget develop?
Cognitive
What domain did Kohlberg develop?
Moral
Freud’s stages of development
-Oral (birth-2 years; mouth is focus of sensations)
-Anal (1.5-3 years; toilet training is most important activity)
-Phallic (3-6 years; penis is most important body part)
-Latency (7-11 years; interlude between stages)
-Genital (12-18 years; seek sexual sensations)
Erikson’s stages of development
-Trust v. Mistrust (infant-1 year; develop trust through basic needs being met)
-Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years; learn to be self-sufficient or doubt abilities)
-Initiative v. Guilt (3-6 years; want to do adult-like activities overstep limits set by parents and feel guilty)
-Industry v. Inferiority (7-11 years; master new skills or feel inferior)
-Identity v. Role Confusion (12-18 years; figuring out “who am I”)
Piaget’s stages of development
-Sensorimotor (birth-2 years; action is reflexive, objects are extension of self, object still exists when out of sight)
-Preoperational (2-7 years; self-centered/egocentric, language develops, associates words with objects/classifies by single feature)
-Concrete Operational (7-11 years; logical thinking, classifies objects by several features, can put them in order, right v. wrong)
-Formal Operational (11 years+; hypotheticals and future, rational thinking)
Kohlberg’s stages of development
-Preconventional (3-6 years; morality is good v. bad, rewards v. punishment)
-Conventional (7-11 years; morality is following rules of society, trying to be “good”, law and order orientation)
-Postconventional (12 years+; morality is based on personal values, can override laws if don’t agree with them
