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Kofi: Pure clinical conditions > Infection table > Flashcards

Infection table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the diseases associated with Adenovirus?

A
  • Respiratory disease
  • Ocular infections
  • Gastrointestinal
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2
Q

What are the virulence factors of Adenovirus?

A
  • Double stranded linear DNA
  • Icosahedral
  • Non-eneveloped
  • Attachment to host cell receptor by tips of viral fibres and entry by receptor mediated endocytosis
  • Replication inside the cell
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3
Q

What is the mechanism of infection?

A
  • Respiratory route via inhalation of droplets
  • Inoculation of the eye by virus infected hand
  • Bodies of water
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4
Q

How is adenovirus managed?

A
  • Immunisation by vaccine

- ELISA with stool specimen

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5
Q

What are the symptoms/diseases associated with Herpes Virus?

A
  • Genital infection

- Cold sores on mouth

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6
Q

What are the virulence factors of Herpes virus?

A
  • Icosahedral capsid enclosed in an envelope

- Tegument containing virus encoded enzymes and transcription factors

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of Herpes virus?

A

-Direct contact with virus containing secretions or with lesions on mucosal or cutaneous surfaces

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8
Q

What is the management of Herpes Virus?

A
  • Acyclovir

- Characteristic examination

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9
Q

What are the symptoms/diseases associate with norovirus?

A
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms

- Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhoea

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10
Q

What is mechanism of infection for mechanism of infection?

A
  • Faecal-Oral Route
  • Respiratory
  • Person to Person
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11
Q

What is the management of norovirus?

A
  • Careful attention of hand-washing

- Prevent contamination of food

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12
Q

What are the symptoms/diseases associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

A
  • Inflammation
  • Pneumonia
  • Cellulitis
  • Abscesses
  • Sepsis
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13
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

A
  • Capsule: enables increased resistance to phagocytosis
  • Protein A: Bind to Fc region of IgG exerting an antiopsin
  • Fibronectin-binding protein: Promote bindin to mucosal cells and tissue matrices
  • Clumping factor: FnBP enhances clumping of the organism in the presence of plasma
  • Cytotoxic exotoxins: Attack mammalian cells
  • Superantigen exotoxins: Affinity for T-cell receptors MHC class 2. Toxins stimulate an enhanced T lymphocyte response. Causes toxic shock by release of large amount of T cell cytokines.
  • Coagulase: Breaks down fibrin clot
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of infection for staphylococcus aureus?

A
  • Contiguous spread

- Person to person

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15
Q

What is the appearance of Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

Gram postive Cocci in clusters

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16
Q

What is the management for a Staphylococcus Aureus?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • If septic, physiological restored
  • Vancomycin - for MRSA
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17
Q

What are the diseases/symptoms associated with E.coli?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Peritonitis: perforation
  • Pancreatitis
  • UTI
  • Bloody diarrhoea
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Non-pyrogenic
18
Q

What are virulence factors of E.coli?

A
  • Pili

- Liposaccharide

19
Q

What is mechanism of infection for E.coli?

A
  • Faecal-oral route
  • Contaminated food or water
  • Person to person
20
Q

What is the appearance of E.coli?

A

Gram negative bacilli

21
Q

What is the management of E.coli?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Care in selection, preparation and consumption of food and water
  • ORH
  • For UTI, trimethoprim is diagnosed
  • Fluoroquinolones for diarrhoea
22
Q

What are the symptoms/diseases of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Acute throat infection
  • Female genital infection colonisation
  • Neonatal sepsis
23
Q

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A
  • Capsule
  • Pili
  • Choline-binding protein A
  • Pneumolysin
  • Autolysins
24
Q

What are the mechanisms of infection for Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A
  • Contiguous spread

- Droplets

25
Q

What are the appearances of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A

Gram positive cocci in chains

26
Q

What is the management of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A
  • Peniciline
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Vaccine for asplenic patients
27
Q

What are the diseases/symptoms associated with Neisseria Meningitidis?

A
  • Sepsis
  • Meningitis
  • Non-blanching rash
28
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • Pili: Allows attachment to the nasopharyngeal mucosa

- Encapsulated: Antiphagocytic

29
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of Neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • Contiguous spread
  • Inhalation of droplets
  • Bloodstream
30
Q

What is the appearance of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Gram negative diplococcus

31
Q

What is the management of Neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • Antibiotics given right after history before result if high fever and rash that doesn’t blanche
  • Ceftriaxone
32
Q

What are the diseases/symptoms Haemophilus influenza?

A
  • Meningitis in infants
  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Meningitis,
  • Septic arthritis
  • Cellulitis
33
Q

What are the virulence factors for Haemophilus Influenzae?

A

-Capsule

34
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of Haemophilus influenzae?

A
  • Contiguous spread after colonization

- Inhalation of droplets

35
Q

What is the appearance of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Gram negative Bacilli

36
Q

What is the treatment for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Ceftriaxone

37
Q

What are the non-skin diseases associated with streptococcus pyogens?

A
  • Streptococcal Pharyngitis
  • Scarlet fever
  • Peritonsilar cellulitis/abscess
  • Retropharyngeal abscess
  • Mastoiditis
  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis media
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
  • Acute Rheumatic fever
  • Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
38
Q

What are the skin infections associated with streptococcus pyogens?

A
  • Impetigo
  • Erysipelas
  • Cellulitis
  • Necrotising fascitis
39
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with streptococcus pyogens?

A
  • M protein
  • Hyaluronic acid capsule
  • Streptokinase
  • Streptolysins O and S

(less important to learn)

  • Adhesin
  • Dnases A, B, C and D
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
40
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of streptococcus pyogens?

A
  • Droplet spread

- Associated with overcrowding

41
Q

What is the appearance of streptococcus pyogens?

A

-Gram positive cocco in chains

Kofi: Pure clinical conditions (8 decks)

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