Infection table Flashcards
What are the diseases associated with Adenovirus?
- Respiratory disease
- Ocular infections
- Gastrointestinal
What are the virulence factors of Adenovirus?
- Double stranded linear DNA
- Icosahedral
- Non-eneveloped
- Attachment to host cell receptor by tips of viral fibres and entry by receptor mediated endocytosis
- Replication inside the cell
What is the mechanism of infection?
- Respiratory route via inhalation of droplets
- Inoculation of the eye by virus infected hand
- Bodies of water
How is adenovirus managed?
- Immunisation by vaccine
- ELISA with stool specimen
What are the symptoms/diseases associated with Herpes Virus?
- Genital infection
- Cold sores on mouth
What are the virulence factors of Herpes virus?
- Icosahedral capsid enclosed in an envelope
- Tegument containing virus encoded enzymes and transcription factors
What is the mechanism of infection of Herpes virus?
-Direct contact with virus containing secretions or with lesions on mucosal or cutaneous surfaces
What is the management of Herpes Virus?
- Acyclovir
- Characteristic examination
What are the symptoms/diseases associate with norovirus?
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
- Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhoea
What is mechanism of infection for mechanism of infection?
- Faecal-Oral Route
- Respiratory
- Person to Person
What is the management of norovirus?
- Careful attention of hand-washing
- Prevent contamination of food
What are the symptoms/diseases associated with Staphylococcus aureus?
- Inflammation
- Pneumonia
- Cellulitis
- Abscesses
- Sepsis
What are the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus?
- Capsule: enables increased resistance to phagocytosis
- Protein A: Bind to Fc region of IgG exerting an antiopsin
- Fibronectin-binding protein: Promote bindin to mucosal cells and tissue matrices
- Clumping factor: FnBP enhances clumping of the organism in the presence of plasma
- Cytotoxic exotoxins: Attack mammalian cells
- Superantigen exotoxins: Affinity for T-cell receptors MHC class 2. Toxins stimulate an enhanced T lymphocyte response. Causes toxic shock by release of large amount of T cell cytokines.
- Coagulase: Breaks down fibrin clot
What is the mechanism of infection for staphylococcus aureus?
- Contiguous spread
- Person to person
What is the appearance of Staphylococcus Aureus?
Gram postive Cocci in clusters
What is the management for a Staphylococcus Aureus?
- Antibiotics
- If septic, physiological restored
- Vancomycin - for MRSA
What are the diseases/symptoms associated with E.coli?
- Diarrhoea
- Peritonitis: perforation
- Pancreatitis
- UTI
- Bloody diarrhoea
- Abdominal tenderness
- Non-pyrogenic
What are virulence factors of E.coli?
- Pili
- Liposaccharide
What is mechanism of infection for E.coli?
- Faecal-oral route
- Contaminated food or water
- Person to person
What is the appearance of E.coli?
Gram negative bacilli
What is the management of E.coli?
- Antibiotics
- Care in selection, preparation and consumption of food and water
- ORH
- For UTI, trimethoprim is diagnosed
- Fluoroquinolones for diarrhoea
What are the symptoms/diseases of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
- Pneumonia
- Acute throat infection
- Female genital infection colonisation
- Neonatal sepsis
What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
- Capsule
- Pili
- Choline-binding protein A
- Pneumolysin
- Autolysins
What are the mechanisms of infection for Streptococcus Pneumoniae?
- Contiguous spread
- Droplets
What are the appearances of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?
Gram positive cocci in chains
What is the management of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?
- Peniciline
- Ceftriaxone
- Vaccine for asplenic patients
What are the diseases/symptoms associated with Neisseria Meningitidis?
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Non-blanching rash
What are the virulence factors associated with Neisseria meningitidis?
- Pili: Allows attachment to the nasopharyngeal mucosa
- Encapsulated: Antiphagocytic
What is the mechanism of infection of Neisseria meningitidis?
- Contiguous spread
- Inhalation of droplets
- Bloodstream
What is the appearance of Neisseria meningitidis?
Gram negative diplococcus
What is the management of Neisseria meningitidis?
- Antibiotics given right after history before result if high fever and rash that doesn’t blanche
- Ceftriaxone
What are the diseases/symptoms Haemophilus influenza?
- Meningitis in infants
- Otitis media
- Sinusitis
- Epiglottitis
- Bronchopneumonia
- Meningitis,
- Septic arthritis
- Cellulitis
What are the virulence factors for Haemophilus Influenzae?
-Capsule
What is the mechanism of infection of Haemophilus influenzae?
- Contiguous spread after colonization
- Inhalation of droplets
What is the appearance of Haemophilus influenzae?
Gram negative Bacilli
What is the treatment for Haemophilus influenzae?
Ceftriaxone
What are the non-skin diseases associated with streptococcus pyogens?
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- Scarlet fever
- Peritonsilar cellulitis/abscess
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Mastoiditis
- Sinusitis
- Otitis media
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Acute Rheumatic fever
- Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
What are the skin infections associated with streptococcus pyogens?
- Impetigo
- Erysipelas
- Cellulitis
- Necrotising fascitis
What are the virulence factors associated with streptococcus pyogens?
- M protein
- Hyaluronic acid capsule
- Streptokinase
- Streptolysins O and S
(less important to learn)
- Adhesin
- Dnases A, B, C and D
- Hyaluronidase
- Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
What is the mechanism of infection of streptococcus pyogens?
- Droplet spread
- Associated with overcrowding
What is the appearance of streptococcus pyogens?
-Gram positive cocco in chains
