Body logistics conditions Flashcards
What is chemical make up of gout and where does it appear?
- Monosodium urate crystals
- Big toe
What is polarised light microscopy used for?
Diagnosis of gout. Yellow when compared to compensatory ray
What is the chemical makeup of pseudo gout and where does it appear?
Calcium pyrophosphate Dihydrate crystals
Knee joint
What does vitamin C deficiency cause?
Scurvy due to less hydroxylation of the proline. Less hydrogen bonds between the alpha chains.
What is marfan’s syndrome?
Autosomal dominant disorder. Expression of the fibrillin gene is abnormal so elastic tissue is abnormal. Sufferers are
- Abnormally tall
- Exhibit arachnodactyly
- Catastrophic aortic rupture
- Frequent joint dislocation
What does static lymph fluid indicate?
Infection (cellulitis)
What does a splenectomy risk?
Increase in risk of infection from encapsulated bacteria and malaria
Increase risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism (threefold)
What cause lymphoedema?
Swelling as a result o obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes and the accumulation of large amounts of lymph in affected region. Does not pit
Where does oedema appear first and why?
The ankle. Gravity in the upright human body can cause vertical gradient of venous pressure.
What is cystic fibrosis?
The ion channel,cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, is not present in the apical membranes of the epithelial cell due to lack of CFTR gene. As a result chloride ion transport across the embrace is substantially compromised.
Which regions are affected in patients with cystic fibrosis?
- Pancreas: Secretions of exocrine pancreas contain too little water and become thicker with resultant blocking of ducts. Exocrine pancreas becomes painfully inflamed and fibrotic. There is insufficient pancreatic digestive enzymes and malabsorption results
- Sweat gland: Poor reabsorption of chloride ions and sweat is rich in chloride and sodium ions. This is due to absence of CFTR molecule in apical membrane of epithelial cels
- Gastrointestinal Tract: Mucus of the gastrointestinal tract like that of the respiratory tract can also become too viscous.
- Respiratory tract: Water does not leave the epithelium in sufficient quantities to adequately hydrate the secreted mucus. Mucus becomes viscous and can less readily be moved for swallowing.
What is osteoporosis?
Metabolic bones disease in which mineralised bone is decreased in mass to the point that it o longer provides adequate mechanical support. (bone formation
What are the types of osteoporosis?
- Type 1 osteoporosis occurs in postmenopausal women and is due to increase in osteoclast numbers as result of decreased oestrogen
- Type 2 osteoporosis occurs in elderly persons of both sexes typically after 70 and is due to reduced osteoblast function
What are the risk factors of osteoporosis?
- Genetic - peak bone mass is higher in black than white and Asians
- Insufficient calcium intake - 800mg/day for post menopausal women
- Insufficient calcium reabsorption and Vitamin D - decreased renal activation, confined indoors
- Exercise - immobilisation
- Cigarette smoking
What can occur as a result of bed rest, limb immobilisation and sedentary behaviour?
Disuse atrophy. Reduced protein so reduced fibre diameter therefore loss of power.
