infection prevention and control

Question 1

definition of infection

Answer 1

an infectious microorganisms that enters the body that then multiplies and causes tissue damage

Question 2

definition of a pathogen

Answer 2

microorganisms capable of causing disease

Question 3

organisms causing pathology

Answer 3

bacteria prions, viruses, protozoa, rickettsias, fungi, helminths, chlamydia

Question 4

know the difference between the two Anaerobic and aerobic

Answer 4

anaerobic is only able to grow in the ABSENCE of oxygen; and aerobic is only able to grow with the PRESENCE of oxygen

Question 5

the definition of a blood culture

Answer 5

a test to determine what kind of bacteria is present

Question 6

know what gram staining is and why we use it

Answer 6

gram staining is a lab technique used to classify the outer cell surface of a microorganism

Question 7

what is a microorganism?

Answer 7

organism only visible with a miscroscope

Question 8

what does gram-positive mean? gram negative?

Answer 8

bacteria that retain the stain in gram staining; bacteria that lose the stain in gram staining

Question 9

what are prions? name an example

Answer 9

protein particles that lack nucleic acids ; ex- mad cow disease

Question 10

what do the sensitivy results mean on a culture test?

Answer 10

1-resistant
2-susceptible
3-intermediate resistance

Question 11

what are viruses?

Answer 11

viruses are extremely small and can be seen only with an electron microscopes

Question 12

what is protozoa’s? give an example

Answer 12

one-celled organism, animal kingdom; ex- malaria

Question 13

what are rickettsia’s? give an example

Answer 13

small round, rod-shaped organisms transmitted by bites from lice, fleas, ticks, mites; ex- rocky mtn fever

Question 14

what are fungi?give an example

what are spores?

Answer 14

tiny organism in plant kingdom, that contain no chlorophyll, they feed off living organisms and decaying organic material; ex- yeast and mold
spores are how fungi reproduce

Question 15

what are helminths? give an example

Answer 15

they are parasitic worms (or flukes) ex- pin worms or tape worms

Question 16

know the steps of the infection chain in order and examples for each (there is 6 stages)

Answer 16

causative agent- what causes the disease ex: fungi
reservoir- where causative agent is found ex:infected wounds, animal waste, infected person
portal of exit- route by which pathogen leaves host ex: sneezing coughing
mode of transfer- the contact (sometimes the same as the portal of exit) needles, bugbites, or air born
portal of entry- how it enters body ex: enters through eyes, mouth, nose, trachea, skin
susceptible host- a human host ex: more susceptable host are older in age, state of health, or broken skin

Question 17

first lines of defense for the body are

Answer 17

skin, sebaceous glands (sweat glands), secretions (mucous), cilia (in digestive tract), kupffer cells(liver)

Question 18

second lines of defense are

Answer 18

increased white blood cells, fever, leukocytes, phagocytes

Question 19

third line of defense are

Answer 19

immune response

Question 20

what two compounds are released in the body to cause inflammation?

Answer 20

histamine and serotonin