exam 3 a&p Flashcards
hematocrit
lab tests that express the percentage of RBCs present in volume of blood
erythropoietin
hormone secreted by kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs
petechiae; and why does this happen
pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin; it happens because the body is low in platelets
leukopenia
under production of fighting WBC
thrombocytes
clot formation
what happens in clot formation
- vessel spazes and activates PTA
- prothrombin is activated and added with calcium to form thrombin
- produce fibrinogen creating blood clot
fibrinolysis
dissolves clot
AB- is the what
universal recipient
O- is the what
universal donor
types of granular WBC and what they do
basophils- release histamine
eosinophils-allergic reaction
neutrophils-1st responders
what is the most common WBC
neutrophils
sympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as what? what happens to your body during this?
adrenergic; AV node activity increases, HR goes up, increase contractility, increase bronchodilation, increase vasoconstriction
what hormone is released in sympathetic nervous stimulation?
norephinephrine
parasympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as? what does it do to the body?
its also known as cholinergic; decreased AV node activity, decreased HR
what hormone is released during this?
acetoycholine
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped by ventricle per beat
heart rate
number of times the heart beats per minute
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in 1 minute
whats the mathematics formula used for cardiac output
HRxSV
preload
amount of bloodin the ventricles at the end of diastole( how much stretch)
afterload
refers to the resistance or opposition to the flow of the blood
starlings law is what
the greater the stretch of the myocardium the stronger the force of the contraction
structure of blood vessels would be?
composed of three tunics; they are smooth muscle
what are blood vessels smooth muscle responsible for?
vasodilation and vasocontriction
what is the portal circulation
carrying of blood toward liver rich of products of digestion but poor oxygen content
circle of willis
circular arrangment of arteries in brain
blood pressure
vessels regulate it, regulated day by day by baroreceptor reflex, determined by cardiac output and SVR
where are the baroreceptors located
carotid and aortic arch
vasodilation
vessels widen and and heat is lossed
vasoconstriction
vessels get smaller and less heat is lost
exchange vessels
one cell wide capillaries used to exchange in nutrients and waste between blood and cells
what is the spleen used for in the lymphatic system
LUQ, filters blood, destroys old RBC, reservoir for blood
lymph flow
tissue fluid flows to lymphatic capillaries, then to large lymphatic vessels, it then travels to the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
lymph vessels do what
these pick up tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart similar to veins
lymph nodes
strategically placed tissue that filters lymph as it flows through lymphatic vessels
lymphatic ducts
drains lymph
lymphedema
condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by compromised lymphatic system
what does histamine do to the body
vasodilation, redness, heat, swelling, pain,
anaphyalaxis
immediate reaction, drop in BP, broncoconstrict, this is an immediate reaction
immunoglobulins are also known as
antibodies
pyrexia
fever
active acquired
long term
passive acquired
short term
T and B cells are both what
WBC
hypoventilation
low oxy. excess CO2; acidosis
hyperventilation
high oxy. exhaling to much
CO; alkalosis
boyles law
inverse relationship between volume and pressure
muscles and nerves used in respiration
intercostals and diaphram; phrenic nerve
bronchoconstriction
bronchioles dilate for more air in the lungs
what is the medulla obongata in resp. system
primary control center, stimulus to muscle for coughing or sneezing
bicarbonate ion does what
CO2 transport, acts as base
alveoli
in capillaries; help with gas exchange
