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chap:2 concepts of health > exam 3 a&p > Flashcards

exam 3 a&p Flashcards

1
Q

hematocrit

A

lab tests that express the percentage of RBCs present in volume of blood

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2
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs

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3
Q

petechiae; and why does this happen

A

pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin; it happens because the body is low in platelets

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4
Q

leukopenia

A

under production of fighting WBC

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5
Q

thrombocytes

A

clot formation

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6
Q

what happens in clot formation

A
  1. vessel spazes and activates PTA
  2. prothrombin is activated and added with calcium to form thrombin
  3. produce fibrinogen creating blood clot
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7
Q

fibrinolysis

A

dissolves clot

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8
Q

AB- is the what

A

universal recipient

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9
Q

O- is the what

A

universal donor

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10
Q

types of granular WBC and what they do

A

basophils- release histamine
eosinophils-allergic reaction
neutrophils-1st responders

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11
Q

what is the most common WBC

A

neutrophils

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12
Q

sympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as what? what happens to your body during this?

A

adrenergic; AV node activity increases, HR goes up, increase contractility, increase bronchodilation, increase vasoconstriction

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13
Q

what hormone is released in sympathetic nervous stimulation?

A

norephinephrine

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14
Q

parasympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as? what does it do to the body?

A

its also known as cholinergic; decreased AV node activity, decreased HR

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15
Q

what hormone is released during this?

A

acetoycholine

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16
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped by ventricle per beat

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17
Q

heart rate

A

number of times the heart beats per minute

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18
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in 1 minute

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19
Q

whats the mathematics formula used for cardiac output

A

HRxSV

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20
Q

preload

A

amount of bloodin the ventricles at the end of diastole( how much stretch)

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21
Q

afterload

A

refers to the resistance or opposition to the flow of the blood

22
Q

starlings law is what

A

the greater the stretch of the myocardium the stronger the force of the contraction

23
Q

structure of blood vessels would be?

A

composed of three tunics; they are smooth muscle

24
Q

what are blood vessels smooth muscle responsible for?

A

vasodilation and vasocontriction

25
Q

what is the portal circulation

A

carrying of blood toward liver rich of products of digestion but poor oxygen content

26
Q

circle of willis

A

circular arrangment of arteries in brain

27
Q

blood pressure

A

vessels regulate it, regulated day by day by baroreceptor reflex, determined by cardiac output and SVR

28
Q

where are the baroreceptors located

A

carotid and aortic arch

29
Q

vasodilation

A

vessels widen and and heat is lossed

30
Q

vasoconstriction

A

vessels get smaller and less heat is lost

31
Q

exchange vessels

A

one cell wide capillaries used to exchange in nutrients and waste between blood and cells

32
Q

what is the spleen used for in the lymphatic system

A

LUQ, filters blood, destroys old RBC, reservoir for blood

33
Q

lymph flow

A

tissue fluid flows to lymphatic capillaries, then to large lymphatic vessels, it then travels to the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

34
Q

lymph vessels do what

A

these pick up tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart similar to veins

35
Q

lymph nodes

A

strategically placed tissue that filters lymph as it flows through lymphatic vessels

36
Q

lymphatic ducts

A

drains lymph

37
Q

lymphedema

A

condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by compromised lymphatic system

38
Q

what does histamine do to the body

A

vasodilation, redness, heat, swelling, pain,

39
Q

anaphyalaxis

A

immediate reaction, drop in BP, broncoconstrict, this is an immediate reaction

40
Q

immunoglobulins are also known as

A

antibodies

41
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

42
Q

active acquired

A

long term

43
Q

passive acquired

A

short term

44
Q

T and B cells are both what

A

WBC

45
Q

hypoventilation

A

low oxy. excess CO2; acidosis

46
Q

hyperventilation

A

high oxy. exhaling to much

CO; alkalosis

47
Q

boyles law

A

inverse relationship between volume and pressure

48
Q

muscles and nerves used in respiration

A

intercostals and diaphram; phrenic nerve

49
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

bronchioles dilate for more air in the lungs

50
Q

what is the medulla obongata in resp. system

A

primary control center, stimulus to muscle for coughing or sneezing

51
Q

bicarbonate ion does what

A

CO2 transport, acts as base

52
Q

alveoli

A

in capillaries; help with gas exchange

chap:2 concepts of health (8 decks)

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