exam 1 fund Flashcards
acute illness
develops suddenly and resolves in short time
ex: flu or cold
chronic illness
develops slowly and cant be cured; long-lasting
ex:hypertension or diabetes
transition stage
vague symptoms, deny feeling ill
acceptance stage
accepts illness, seeks doctor, cant continue daily duties
convalescence stage
recovering
what does parasympathetic mean
rest and digest
alarm stage
a stressor presents itself HORMONE RELEASE MOBOLIZES THE BODIES DEFENSE
stage of resistance
body fights for equilibruium
what are some esamples of stress related diseases and disorders
headaches, cancer, allergies, lower back pain
stage of exhaustion
stressor never goes away and now patient is in critical care or dead
“forgetting” something or blocking it out as coping
repression
refusing to accept or acknowledge anxiety causing thoughts
denial
blaming ones own unconscious impulse on someone else
projection
reacting the opposite way you feel towards someone ( kill them with kindness)
reaction-formation
returning to an earlier level of adaption when threatened
regression
unconsciously falsifying an experience to justify an unpleasant experience
rationalization
blood cultures do what
a test to tell you what type of microorganism is present
infection chain in order
causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transfer, portal of entry, susceptible host
what is the prevention when you avoid or delay illness; vaccines, not smoking, working out
primary prevention
what prevention includes following screening guidelines; TB screenings, PAP smears
secondary prevention
what prevention includes rehabilitation
tertiary prevention
first lines of defense include
intact skin, cilia, secretions, kupffer cells
second line of defense include
increased white blood cells, inflammation, fever,
what chemicals are released to help with inflammation
serotonin and histamine
natural acquired immunity
body produces antibodies once microorganism presents itself
ex: chickenpox, varicella
naturally acquired passive immunity
baby receives antibodies from mom
artificially acquired immunity
vaccines
asepsis
process of making environment and obj clean from microorganisms
medical asepsis
practice of reducing microorganisms
ex:wiping down surfaces, Foley care
surgical asepsis
practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents the patients exposure to living microorganism ex: inserting IV, hand scrub
how long do you scrub your hands for?
15-30 seconds
how long can your nails be?
1/4 past finger tip
when do you use standard precautions? what are some ways to practice standard precautions?
on every patient.
hand hygiene, gloves, mask, linens, patient care
the four most common multidrug resistant organisms are
MRSA, VRE, ESBL, and C. diff
what are the modes of transfer
direct personal contact, indirect contact, vectors, the droplet infection, and the spread of infection from one part of the body to the another
which mask do you wear when coming into contact with airborne pathogen ex:flu or meningitis
surgical mask
what mask do you wear when coming into contact with airborne microorganisms ex: TB
N95
4 stages of infection (only need to know three)
incubation period, illness period, convalescent period
what happens during the incubation period
pathogen enters body (small symptoms)
what happens during the illness period
seeks treatment from doctor
what happens during the convalescent period
recovery
ADPIE
A-assessment D-diagnosis P-plan I-implementation E-evaluation
what are some hazards of improper alignment and positioning
pressure injuries, frozen joints, fluid collection
what does gait mean?
a style of walking
supine position
laying on back ex: spinal surgery, or cardiac catheter
fowler positioning
bed is 60-90 degrees
semi-fowler positioning
bed is 30-60 degrees
dorsal recumbent position
laying on back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on ground
lithotomy postition
laying on back with ankles raised in air
sims position
side laying position
prone position
patient is laying face down
knne-chest position
chest, elbows, and knees are on bed and thighs are perpendicular to bed
what are some positioning devices
pillows, boots, side rails, bed boards, foot boards
active ROM
independently performed
passive ROM
need help performing certain moves
stage 1 of pressure injury
intact skin,does not blanch, red or deep pink color
stage 2 of a pressure injury
partial thickness, appears as a ruptured blister, broken skin
stage 3 of pressure injury
deep crater, undermining and tunneling
stage 4 of pressure injury
damage to muscle and/or bone, appear black and dry, eschar
unstageable pressure injury
base of injury covered by eschar
deep tissue pressure injury
looks like stage one but has purple coloration instead of red
if someone ingests poison what steps do you take
know name of product
patients age
amount ingested
and symptoms or complaints
what kind of pressure is in the heart when it has the maximum of pressure
systolic pressure
what kind of pressure is in the heart when it has the least amount of pressure
diastolic pressure
if a patient has a heart rate of 120 and a blood pressure of 80/40 what could they have
dehydration or a hemorrhage
what is a normal blood pressure
120/80
what is a normal heart rate between
60-100
if someone has a heart disease what is a way you could describe their heart rhythm? what about volume?
irregular, thready
in older adults if their temp is 97 degrees F and then changes to 99.2 degrees F. what would be present?
a fever would be present
normal respiration for a patient would be
12-20
eupnea
normal breathing
dyspnea
labored breathing
tachypnea
rapid breathing
bradypnea
shallow breathing
hypoxemia
decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
hyperventilation
breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths; oxygen decreases
kussmal respirations
panting and long ex;DKA
biot respriations
four to five breathes of equal depth alternating with irregular periods of apnea
cheyne-stokes resperations
seen in critically ill patients with brain conditions, in patients with heart or kidney failure
crackles
sounds like hair rubbing between fingers; non-musical sound heard during aspiration of the lungs (fluid)
rhonci
continuous dry rattling sounds (bronchidous, COPD)
stertor
unable to cough
stridor
found in kids; obstruction of the upper airway (RSV)
wheezing
whistling sound (asthma)
systolic pressure-diastolic pressure= ?
pulse pressure
who experiences orthostatic hypotentsion? what is it?
older adults; when blood pressure drops from changing positions
