Infection Prev and Control

Question 1

What are the three living microbes?

Answer 1

bacteria, protozoa, fungi

Question 2

What are the non-living microbes?

Answer 2

prions and viruses

Question 3

What are some ways humans use microbes?

Answer 3

breads, cheeses, alcohol production, creating antibiotics

Question 4

What is the most common cause of death worldwide?

Answer 4

infectious diseases

Question 5

What does BSE stand for?

Answer 5

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Question 6

What country did we first see a BSE outbreak?

Answer 6

Britain

Question 7

What are the parts of a virus?

Answer 7

nucleic acid, capsid, envelope (in some), spikes

Question 8

What is the role of the capsid?

Answer 8

protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acids

Question 9

What is the external covering of the capsid and nucleic acid not found in naked viruses?

Answer 9

envelope

Question 10

What is the role of spikes on a virus?

Answer 10

allows the virus to dock with host cells

Question 11

What is a fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell?

Answer 11

virion

Question 12

What are mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors?

Answer 12

oncoviruses

Question 13

What are the three components of the nucleus?

Answer 13

nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and nuclear membrane

Question 14

What does a protozoa turn into when conditions are harsh?

Answer 14

cyst

Question 15

What is a protozoa called when it become an infection/

Answer 15

trophozoite

Question 16

What is the clinical name for round worms?

Answer 16

ascaris lumbricoides

Question 17

What are human diseased caused by fungi called?

Answer 17

mycoses

Question 18

What does mold have that yeast does not?

Answer 18

aerial and vegetative hyphae (mycelium)

Question 19

What is the premier cause of yeast infections?

Answer 19

candida albicans

Question 20

What is the mold skin infection of the groin?

Answer 20

tinea cruris

Question 21

What is the mold infection often called Athlete’s foot?

Answer 21

tinea pedis

Question 22

What is dimorphic fungi?

Answer 22

fungi with the ability to change between yeasts and molds depending on growth conditions

Question 23

What do dimorphic fungi turn into at body temperature?

Answer 23

yeasts

Question 24

What is the most virulent strain of dimorphic fungi that occurs at inhalation of spores causing pulmonary disease?

Answer 24

coccidiodes immitis

Question 25

What microbes are eukaryotes?

Answer 25

fungi and protozoa

Question 26

What is the main constituent of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 26

peptidoglycan

Question 27

What word means “virtually found everywhere”?

Answer 27

ubiquitous

Question 28

What are pathogens that can cause disease, but normally do not?

Answer 28

opportunistic pathogens

Question 29

What are the two categories of disease that pathogens can cause?

Answer 29

infectious diseases and microbial intoxications

Question 30

What are the two steps to acquire a microbial intoxication?

Answer 30

a pathogen produces a toxin in vitro; a person ingests the toxin (causing disease)

Question 31

What are the two steps of acquiring infectious diseases?

Answer 31

a pathogen colonizes a person’s body; the pathogen causes a disease inside the person

Question 32

What’s the difference in the type of paralysis of botulism and tetanus?

Answer 32

flaccid (botulism) and spastic (tetanus)

Question 33

How does normal flora help protect the host against pathogens?

Answer 33

competition for space, nutrients, and antagonism

Question 34

What bacteria caused the bubonic plague where almost 1/2 Europe died of?

Answer 34

Yersinia pestis

Question 35

What is the virus that causes smallpox?

Answer 35

Variola

Question 36

How was smallpox eradicated in 1979?

Answer 36

widespread vaccination

Question 37

What is the infectious inflammatory illness of the liver?

Answer 37

Hepatitis b (HBV)

Question 38

How is HBV transmitted?

Answer 38

exposure to infectious blood or body fluids, or sexually transmitted

Question 39

What are some facts about ebola?

Answer 39

fatality rate of 90%, transmitted from wild animals, 2014 epidemic