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Microbiology > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweiss figure out?

A

autopsy and childbirth don’t mix (cadaver particles)

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2
Q

Who is the Father of Microbiology?

A

Robert Koch

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3
Q

What is the germ theory?

A

organism is found in sick individual, microorganism can be isolated and grown into pure culture, injected into a susceptible individual, microorganism can be reisolated once again

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4
Q

Who is the Father of Epidemiology?

A

John Snow

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5
Q

What is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined population?

A

epidemiology

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6
Q

What is the number of new cases in a defined population during a specific time?

A

incidence

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7
Q

What is the number of new incidences per 1,000 people?

A

morbidity rate

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8
Q

What type of disease is irregular, haphazard, and infrequent?

A

sporadic disease

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9
Q

What type of disease is always present within a population?

A

endemic disease

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10
Q

What type of disease occurs worldwide?

A

pandemic disease

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11
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a microorganism which causes a disease

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12
Q

What is virulence?

A

the degree of disease that a microorganism causes

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13
Q

What are the steps of bacteria’s damage?

A

adherence, colonization, invasion, destructive enzymes or toxic production

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14
Q

What are some flushing mechanisms of defense?

A

urination, sweating, tears, sneezing

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15
Q

What are the four anatomical defenses against bacteria?

A

physical (skin), flushing mechanisms (urine, sweat, tears), antimicrobial (high salt in skin, lysozymes in sweat, gastric acid), normal flora

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16
Q

What are the three factors that determine how you get sick?

A

pathogen, host, environment

17
Q

Which mode of transmission do fomites fall under?

A

contact

18
Q

Which mode of transmission includes waterborne and airborne?

A

vehicle

19
Q

Which mode of transmission includes insects and arthropods?

A

vectors

20
Q

What is the number of ACTIVE CASES of the disease existing in a given population at a given point in time?

A

prevalence

21
Q

What are some portals of entry?

A

broken skin, insect bite, nose, mouth, placenta

22
Q

What are some portals of exit?

A

anus, nose, mouth, skin flakes

23
Q

What are the two living reservoirs?

A

hunan carriers and zoonoses

24
Q

How does Lyme disease get transferred?

A

tick bites (vector)

25
Q

How does rabies get transmitted?

A

bites (direct)

Microbiology (5 decks)

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