Infection part 5 200 onwards Flashcards
Q200: What is used to treat thread worms and what’s the patient advice?
Treatment: • Mebendazole • Treat all members of the family regardless of symptom not present. • If symptoms persist after 2 weeks another dose should be taken.
Q201: What age can mebendazole be given and what is the dose?
• 2 and above • Suspension: 5ml and then 2 weeks after • Tablets: 100mg as a single dose now and 2 weeks later • Not safe in pregnancy • Exam tips: always discount patients who aren’t allowed it for supply questions
Q202: What are the 2 most important herpesviruses and which body parts does each type affect?
• herpes simplex • simplex 1 → mouth • simplex 2 → genitals • varicella-zoster virus → type of herpes → affects body (chest, back, and face)
Q203: Which virus causes chicken pox?
• Varicella Zoster
Q204: What is used to treat chicken pox?
• paracetamol • Topical calamine lotion • chlorphenamine for treating itch for people 1 year + • increase fluid intake • wear smooth cotton fabrics • keep nail short • infectious period…
Q205: Which drug should be avoided in chicken pox?
• Ibuprofen - causes skin infections • Never use for chicken pox, unless a doctor advises
Q206: What is shingles and what’s used to treat it?
• Same thing as chicken pox but appears on the torso and happens later on in life. • Painful rash • Appears on only one side on the back and torso • Main treatments: • paracetamol for the pain…
Q207: What is used to treat herpes?
• Memory trick: “clovirs” treat herpes • aciclovir → active against HSV but does not eradicate them • famciclovir → used in herpes zoster and genital herpes • pro drug of penciclovir • valciclovir → used in herpes zoster…
Q208: What are the 2 types of malaria and what’s the difference between them?
1) Non-falciparum a) non-fatal b) Caused by plasmodium vivax 2) Falciparum a) fatal b) caused by plasmodium falciparum c) multiplies rapidly d) fatal in pregnancy last trimester
Q209: According to the BNF, what are the main treatment regimes for malaria prophylaxis?
• chloroquine and proguanil hydrochloride; • mefloquine; • atovaquone with proguanil hydrochloride or doxycycline.
Q210: What type of malaria is chloroquine used for and when is it used in combo with proguanil?
• P. malariae, P. knowles • Non-falciparum malaria • P. falciparum was used previously but now resistant • Chloroquine + proguanil can be for prophylaxis of malaria • Chloroquine can also be used for malaria in pregnancy • proguanil added to prevent resistance
Q211: When should mefloquine be avoided?
• history of neuropsychiatric issues (mental health issues) • epilepsy • MT: Meth makes you mental
Q212: Which 2 drugs is proguanil paired up with?
• proguanil + chloroquine • proguanil + atovaquone (malarone)
Q213: What types of malaria is quinine used for and what is the main drug interaction it’s associated with?
• TREATMENT of non-falciparum malaria and falciparum malaria • QT prolongation • MT: Quinine = QT
Q214: What else can quinine be used for besides use in malaria?
• Night-time leg cramps
Q215: Which antibiotic is used for malaria prevention?
• Doxycycline • Clindamycin (unlicensed )
Q216: What are the age restrictions for each drug used in malaria prevention?
• Doxycycline: 12 and above • Mefloquine: 3 months and > 5kg but must be recommended by a doctor. OTC is always adults • Chloroquine: dose for children dependent on body weight and always prescribed…
Q217: What advice is given to patients to prevent insect bites?
• mosquito nets impregnated with permethrin • mats (repellents) • vaporized insecticides • DEET → safe to use in pregnancy and breastfeeding • wear long sleeves & trousers after dusk to protect from bites
Q218: How long should each drug be taken before leaving and after returning?
• BEFORE travel into an endemic area take prophylaxis for: • 1 week for chloroquine and proguanil hydrochloride; • 2–3 weeks for mefloquine; • 1–2 days for atovaquone with proguanil hydrochloride or doxycycline. • AFTER leaving the area continue for:…
Q219: What dose of proguanil should be taken for malaria prevention?
• 1 tablet (200mg) daily • 1 week before travel • 4 weeks after return
Q220: What dose of chloroquine should be taken for malaria prevention?
• Dose is dependent on body weight, • Taken once weekly, started 1 week before entering endemic area and continued for 4 week after leaving area. • When should chloroquine be avoided?…
Q221: When should chloroquine be avoided?
• Epilepsy • Acute porphyrias • G6PD deficiency
Q222: What advice is given to patients about returning from malaria zones?
• any illness occurring within 1 year esp within 3 months of return may be malaria • ADVISE: report any illness to doctor immediately esp if within 3 months of return. symptoms such as: • fever • chills • sweating
Q223: Which antimalarial drugs can’t be used in patients with epilepsy?
• Both chloroquine and mefloquine • MT: AVOID THE QUINES IN EPILEPSY
