infection Part 1 1-50 Flashcards
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Q6: What type of infections do we never give antibiotics for?
** VIral infections or fungal infections.
However, doxycycline is the exception because it can be used to treat malaria, which is protozoal.
Q7: What route of administration should be avoided in children and why?
**IM (Intramuscular) administration
Additionally, it has more side effects and can lead to more resistance.
Q10: What is a superinfection?
An infection that occurs after treating another infection with antibiotics.**
Q11: Which antibiotic classes are narrow spectrum, and which are broad spectrum?
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics include*
Penicillin G,
Clindamycin
Teicoplanin | Vancomycin.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics include
Tetracyclines | Macrolides | Aminoglycosides |Quinolones | Penicillins| Chloramphenicol| Cephalosporins| Carbapenems.**
Q12: What is the difference between sepsis and septicaemia?
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency that affects the whole body and is the body’s reaction to severe infection.
Septicaemia, on the other hand, is the infection of the blood caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
Q13: What are the symptoms of sepsis in adults?
* Symptoms of sepsis in adults include
* shivering/fever/cold,
* extreme pain/general discomfort,
* pale/discolored skin,
* sleepiness, lethargy, SOB
* feeling of impending doom.
Q14: What are the symptoms of sepsis in babies and children?
**Symptoms of sepsis in babies and children include
- . blue, pale, or blotchy skin;
- . a rash that doesn’t fade when a glass is rolled over it;
- difficulty breathing;
- . a weak, high-pitched cry;
- . altered responsiveness;
- . sleepiness;
- . very high or low temperature; and vomiting.**
Q15: What is the management pathway for sepsis (Sepsis 6)?
The Sepsis 6 management pathway for sepsis includes giving oxygen when needed, taking blood cultures, giving broad-spectrum antibiotics, providing fluid resuscitation, measuring lactate levels, and measuring urine output. completed within one hour.
Q16: What are the most common notifiable diseases, and what actions must be taken if a patient has one?
Common notifiable diseases require patients to inform their employers if they are positive, and doctors must inform the local authority and health protection units.
Q17: Which antibiotics need to be taken with food?
Metronidazole,
Nitrofurantoin,
Pivmecillinam.
Q18: Which antibiotics can be taken with milk?
**Antibiotics that can be taken with milk include
DOT .P
- Demeclocycline,
- Oxytetracycline,
- Tetracycline,
Ciprofloxacin.**
Q19: Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding?
**Antibiotics safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Penicillins,
- Erythromycin (if benefits outweigh the risks),
- Cephalosporins,
P.E.C
and Clindamycin.
Nitrofurantoin is **not **safe in the last trimester of pregnancy.
Q20: Which antibiotics are not safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding?
**Almost all antibiotics are NOT considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, including **
Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems, Glycopeptide antibiotics, and many others.
Q21: What’s the main safety information regarding flucloxacillin?
**Flucloxacillin can cause cholestatic jaundice, **
if this symptom develops,
the medication should be stopped.
It can also lead to hepatitis.
Q22: What’s the treatment time for co-amoxiclav?
*Co-amoxiclav can cause cholestatic jaundice and
- not be used for longer than 2 weeks.
- Treatment should be stopped if this happens.*
Q23: What is the main safety information regarding linezolid?
Blood disorders
optic neuropathy.
Q24: What’s the main safety information regarding co-trimoxazole?
blood disorders,
rash
(including Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis),
should be discontinued immediately if such symptoms occur.
Q25: What’s the main safety information regarding quinolones?
Quinolones
- arthropathy (joint issues),
- should be used with caution in children under 12,
- Cause seizures when used with NSAIDs.
