Infection control: Principles and Practices Flashcards
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational safety & Health Administration.
Why was the Occupational Safety & Health Administration created?
It was created by the U.S Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards, to protect employees. (1970)
What does HCS stand for?
Hazard Communication Standard.
What does HCS do?
They require that chemical manufactures and importers assess and communicate the potential hazards associated with the product.
What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety & Data Sheet.
What is the reason behind MSDS sheets?
They are created to inform the consumer about product safety, including names of hazardous ingredients.
List the 4 organisms that are harmful to the body:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
Define Pathogenic Bacteria:
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans.
What are the 5 routes of entry for pathogenic bacteria to enter the body?
They can enter through: Broken or inflamed skin, mouth, eyes, ears and by unprotected sex.
What is a disinfectant?
Disinfectants are chemical products that destroy ALL bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces.
What is a “hospital disinfectant” effective for cleaning?
Blood and bodily fluids. Helps control spread of disease.
What kind of surfaces can hospital disinfectants be used on?
Nonpourous surfaces.
What is a “tuberculocidal disinfectant”?
Proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, a disease caused by bacteria, transmitted through coughing or sneezing.
Why do State Regulatory Agencies exist?
They exist to protect salon and spa professionals and protect consumer’s health and safety.
The bacteria Staphylococci causes what infection/disease?
Staph infection, boils.
What do Staphylococci look like?
Clusters.
The bacteria Streptococci causes what infection/disease?
Strep throat, blood poisoning,
What does Streptococci look like?
Curved lines or beads.
The bacteria Diplococci causes what infection/disease?
Pneumonia
What does Diplococci look like?
Spherical. (pairs)
The bacteria Bacilli causes what infection/disease?
Lockjaw (tentanus), Typhoid fever, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria.
What does Bacilli look like?
Short rod shaped.
The bacteria Spirilla causes what infection/disease?
Syphilis, Lyme disease.
What dose Spirilla look like?
Spiral, corkscrew.
Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as a host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism is known as?
A parasite.
The definition of a Bloodborne pathogen is:
A disease causing microorganism carried in the body by blood or body fluids.
Information complied by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
MSDS.
An organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size is called what?
A microorganism.
What are chelating soaps?
Detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
A ringworm fungus of the foot, also known as athlete’s foot. What is the medical name?
Tinea pedis.
What is the definition of Immunity?
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. It can be natural or acquired.
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Another word for self-movement?
Motility.
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests is the definition of:
Diagnosis.
A harmless microorganism that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm is known as:
Non-pathogenic.
What is the definition of infection?
The invasion of body tissue by disease-causing pathogens.
What is another word for communicable?
Contagious.
An item made of a material with no pores or openings is:
Non-porous
What does UP stand for?
Universal Precautions.
What are Universal Precautions?
A set of guidelines created by OSHA that require the employer to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious.
What is sterilization?
The process that destroys all microbial life including spores.
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body are:
Pathogenic.
What is a flagella?
Also known as cilia, slender hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla to move.
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment.
What is the difference between cleaning and sterilizing something?
Cleaning: Washing and scrubbing
Sterilizing: Destroying any microorganisms on surface.
How do you properly mix a disinfectant?
Add disinfectant to water when diluting to prevent foaming.
What does CDC stand for?
Centers of Disease Control.
What does Centers of Disease Control do?
They study diseases and provide guidance for how to prevent the spread of disease.
Methods of sterilization include autoclave and:
Dry heat.
What is the chemical term for household bleach?
Sodium Hypochlorite.
What s binary fission?
When bacteria is in the Active Stage, and reaches their largest size, they divide. This is called Binary Fission.
Why do certain bacterias go into an Inactive or Spore-forming stage?
The conditions they are in are not favorable.
What is Pus?
It a fluid created by infection. Contains white blood cells, bacteria, dead cells.
What is HPV?
Human Papilomavirus or Plantar warts.
What are the microscopic plant parasites, or fungi?
- Molds
- Mildews
- Yeasts
Fungal infections usually live off the skin, why?
Because fungal infections live off of keratin, which our skin is made up of.
What is inflammation of the hair follicle caused by bacterial infection from ingrown hairs?
Folliculitis Barbae.
Tinea Versicolor is also known as:
Sun spots
A skin disease caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
Scabies.
What is Natural Immunity? Aquired Immunity?
Natural Immunity: Partly inherited or developed through healthy living.
Aquired Immunity: The body developes this over time.
Explain how to properly disinfect:
- Implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter before being placed in the disinfectant.
- Complete immersion.
- 10 minutes in the solution.
What is quats also known as?
Quanternary Ammonium Compouds.
Phenolic Disinfectants are a form of formaldehyde, and have a very high pH, they are powerful:
Tuberculocidal Disinfectants.
Household bleach, _______ percent sodium Hypochlorite.
5.25 percent
Mutliuse items can be:
Hard, Nonporous surface.
Cleaned, disinfected and reused.
Single-use items:
Porous surfaces.
Cannot be used again.
Antiseptics are formulated for use on _____, and are registered and regulated by ____?
The skin, FDA.
