Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
Science that deals with composition, structure and properties of matter and how they change under different conditions is the definition of:
Chemistry.
The two branches of chemistry are:
Organic and Inorganic.
Organic chemistry studies substances that contain:
Carbon.
Metals, minerals, pure water and clean air do not burn and are considered:
Inorganic.
Any substance that occupies space is the definition of:
Matter.
What is an element?
The simplest form of chemical matter.
Particles from which all matter is composed is the definition of:
An atom.
Describe a molecule:
Formed by joining two or more atoms chemically.
Describe an elemental molecule:
Containing two or more atoms of the same element that are united chemically.
Describe a compound molecule:
Two or more atoms of different elements that are united chemically.
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance is known as:
Physical properties.
Characteristics that can be determined only with a chemical reaction and cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance.
Chemical properties.
A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance is called:
Physical change.
Change in the chemical composition of a substance is known as:
Chemical change.
A colorless, odorless, tasteless GAS and is the lightest element known. What is it?
Hydrogen.
The most abundant element found on earth and is an odorless, and tasteless GAS.
Oxygen.
A colorless, gaseous agent. It is about 4/5 of the air in our atmosphere and is found chiefly in the form of ammonia and nitrates.
Nitrogen.
The gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere, its odorless, colorless. It contains a small amount of organic matter which is essential to plant and animal life.
Air.
It comprises about 75 percent of earths surface and about 65 percent of the human body:
Water.
What does pH stand for?
Potential Hydrogen.
A neutral pH is:
7.
A chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is called:
Oxidation-reduction reaction,
Rapid oxidization of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light is called:
Combustion.
These are used to stabilize skincare products by preventing oxidation that would cause a product to turn rancid:
Antioxidants.
“Super” oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process are called:
Free radicals.
A uniform mixture of ___ or more mutually miscible substances is called a solution.
2.
Any substance that IS DISSOLVED by a solvent to form a solution is:
A solute.
Any substance THAT DISSOLVES the solute to form a solution is:
Solvent.
What is the difference between miscible and immiscible?
Miscible means mixable, immiscible means non-mixable.
An unstable mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances is called:
Suspension.
What type of substances are mixed together to form emulsions?
2 or more immiscible substances.
Surfaces have two ends, what are they?
Hydophilic and lipophilic.
Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging in the skin are called:
Free radicals.
An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) united with the the aid of an EMULSIFIER is called:
An emulsion.
Oxidation is defined as:
The addition of the loss of hydrogen.
The simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into a simpler form without the loss of identity, this is known as:
An element.
Having an affinity or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) is called:
Lipophilic.
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called:
An ion.
An ion with a negative electrical charge is known as:
An anion.
An ion with a positive charge is known as: ++
A cation.
