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Knowledge and Skills for Adult Nursing > Infection Control Measures > Flashcards

Infection Control Measures Flashcards

- Routine Hand Hygiene - Standard Precautions: use of personal protective equipment - Isolation Procedures - Aseptic Technique: key principles

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1
Q

What does the term asepsis mean?

A

The absence of potentially pathogenic organisms

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2
Q

What is aseptic technique?

A

A set of practices and procedures which ensures asepsis and for preventing the transfer of potentially pathogenic microorganisms to a susceptible site on the body or sterile equipment.

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3
Q

What technique is normally acceptable for cleansing surgical drain sites?

A

Aseptic technique

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4
Q

“When cleaning the wound, take a swab and clean both sides of the wound three times, using the same swab”. Is this statement true or false?

A

false

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5
Q

What kind of environment should you ideally dress a wound in?

A

A clean, dust-free environment

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6
Q

To open the sterile inner packet of a dressing pack, you should…

A

Unfold the sterile paper, holding the corners with your fingers

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7
Q

A clean rather than a sterile procedure may be sufficient for…

A

Dressing chronic wounds

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8
Q

What technique is recommended for removing the old dressing when using an aseptic technique for dressing a surgical wound?

A

Use the sterile waste bag from the dressing pack like a glove or use sterile forceps

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9
Q

When preparing to change a wound dressing, what is the first and foremost step?

A

First explain the procedure to the patient

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10
Q

When conducting a wound dressing, where should you place the disposal bag?

A

On the side of the trolley between you and the patient

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11
Q

You have just completed an aseptic procedure. In what order should you remove your personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A

First one glove, then the other glove, then the apron

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12
Q

A clean technique is a modified aseptic technique which aims to avoid introducing microorganisms to a susceptible site and also to prevent cross-infection to patients and staff”. Is this statement true or false?

A

True

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13
Q

While redressing a patient’s wound, you loosen the soiled dressing with non-sterile gloves. What should you do next?

A

Remove and dispose of your gloves, then decontaminate your hands

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14
Q

Which of the following factors support the use of an aseptic technique as opposed to a clean technique?

A

Patients who are immunosuppressed or diabetic, presence of an open orthopaedic wound

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15
Q

When arranging the items on the sterile field prior to using an aseptic technique, what is acceptable?

A

Using the waste bag included in the sterile pack by putting this over the hand like a glove

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16
Q

Through what means do our hands acquire a variety of microorganisms?[3]

A
  • Contact with the environment
  • objects in the environment
  • other people
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17
Q

What are transient microorganisms?

A

Microorgnisms found on the skin

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18
Q

How does hand hygiene reduce the risk of HCAIs?

A

It breaks the chain of infection

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19
Q

What does HCAIs stand for?

A

Healthcare-associated infections.

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20
Q

According to NPSA failiure to carry put thorough hand hygiene may result in HCAIs in what way?

A
  • Transfering the paties’s own microorganism from normal sit into sterile parts of patients body during care delivery or treatment
  • transferring microorg. from patient to patient (cross-infection)
  • transferring microorg. from environment/equipment to patient
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21
Q

True/False HCAIs can occur only in the hospital

A

False, HCAIs can occur in any setting where healthcare is delivered, even at homes.

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22
Q

List the 6 moments of hand washing

A
  • Before direct patient contact
  • Prior to clean/aseptic procedures.
  • After direct patient contact
  • After contact with bodily fluids
  • When coming into contact with objects in patient environment
  • After removal of gloves
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23
Q

What type of clothing should all healthcare professionals wear inclinical settings?

A

clothing which is bear below the elbows.

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24
Q

When is it appropriate to wear regular disposable gloves?

A

When there is a risk of exposure to bodily fluods, non-intact skin or mucous memebranes.

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25
Q

What does handwashing do that alcohol does not?

A
  • Mechanical removal of transient microorganism

- Removes clostridium difficile and norovirus

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26
Q

When should you use hand washing over alcohol gel

A
  • When hand s are visibly soiled
  • Caring for patients with vomiting or diarrhoeal illness
  • After using toilet
  • Before Handling food.
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27
Q

Why should healthcare staff not use bars of soap for hand washing?

A

They can harbour and encourage growth of microorganisms.

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28
Q

Which is more effective hand washing or alcohol gel rub?

A

Alcohol gel rub

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29
Q

What Hand hygiene technique should be used on visibly soiled hands?

A

Hand washing, Alcohol gel rub is ineffective against organic soiling

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30
Q

What hand hygiene technique should be used on when dealing with patients who are vomiting or diarrhoea?

A
  • Hand washing

- Alcohol rub is ineffective against Clostridium difficile, norovirus and other diarrhoeal infections

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31
Q

What is a commonly reported skin problem when using antiseptic agents (i.e. containing idine, chlorhexidine)?

A

Dermatitis

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32
Q

Why should you not use antiseptic agents (i.e. contaiining iodine) for routine use in had hygiene?

A

Increased risk of dermatitis and irritated skin

33
Q

Are nailbrushes recommended for routine hand hygiene?

A

No, because they can act as a vector for transferrimg microorganisms from one person to another.

Single use nailbrushes are essential for surgical scrubbing.

34
Q

Suggest ways in which you can limit the damaging effect of hand washing

A
  • Wet hands before applying soap.
  • Pat hands with paper towels rather than rub.
  • Use hand emollients regularly
35
Q

Which areas are most frequently missed when hand washing?

A

The back of the thumbs,

Between fingers

fingertips and nails

in the grooves of the hand

36
Q

What is the purpose of “standard precations” with regards to using protective equipment?

A

To reduce the risk of ransmission of microorganism from one person to another.

37
Q

True/ False practitioners should keep their gloves in their pockets?

A

False, as this increases risk of contamination.

38
Q

Prior to any procedure, what should practitioners before carrying out hand hygiene and putting on gloves?

A

Ensure equipment is all ready thus gloved hands remain as clean as possible

39
Q

When must sterile gloves be worn?

A

For any invasive procedure where an aseptic technique is required when the integrity of the skin is broken. Also for contact with sterile sites.

40
Q

Give examples for when sterile gloves should be used

A
  • Surgical procedures
  • Suturing
  • Cathterisation
  • Vaginal Examination during labour, following rupture of membrane
  • Bladder Irrigation
  • Invasive investigations i.e. bone marrow biopsy, lumbar punctures.
41
Q

When coming into contact with mucous membranes broken skin or any procedure which causes exposure body fluids, what type of gloves should be worn?

A

clean gloves.

42
Q

What type of gloves should be used for more invasive procedure (i.e. biopsy’s)?

A

Sterile Gloves

43
Q

What type of gloves should be used for catheterisation?

A

Sterile gloves.

44
Q

What type of gloves should be worn for surgical procedures?

A

Sterile Gloves

45
Q

What type of gloves should be worn for bladder irrigation?

A

sterile gloves

46
Q

How many times can the same pair of gloves be used?

A

Once, all gloves are made for single use only.

47
Q

What should you do immediately after removing gloves?

A

Wash your hands.

48
Q

In what order should you put PPE? [4]

A
  • Put on Apron
  • Put on goggles (if appropriate)
  • Use appropriate hand washing tchnique
  • Put on appropropriate gloves.
49
Q

What correct to open a packet of sterile gloves?

A

Empty the inner packet onto a clean surface.

50
Q

When opening the inner packet of sterile gloves what should you make sure of?

A

That the inner surface hasn’t been touched.

51
Q

In what sequence should PPE be removed?

A
  • Remove gloves
  • Remove apron from side (avoid snapping at neck
  • Remove Gggles
  • Decontaminate hands
52
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Proctive equipment

53
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protective equipment

54
Q

What is source Isolation?

A

Physical segregation of patients who pose a known or potential cross-infectio risk du to mrsa, carbapenem resistant, or infective diarrhoea patients.

55
Q

How is source isolation achieved?

A

Byplacing individual in a single room or place them with patients who have similar ymptoms (in hospital settings)

56
Q

What is Cohort Nursing?

A

Nursing or more patients in isolation

57
Q

What is the aim of source isolation?

A

to reduce risk of cross-infection to others.

58
Q

What isolation precautions should be implemented for infections spread via person-to-person contact?[2]

A
  • Isolate in single room cared for by staff using PPE .

- Door to Isolation room must be kept closed.

59
Q

What isolation precautions should be implemented for infections spread via airborne routes or respiratory droplets?[3]

A
  • Isolate in single room cared for by staff using PPE .
  • Masks MUST be worn
  • Door to Isolation room must be kept closed.
60
Q

What fundamental principles apply to both contact and respiratory isolation?

A
  • Staff should take only essential equipment into the room
  • Euipment used should be single use quipment
  • Try to put patient with ensuite.
61
Q

What type of equipment should be used on patients in isolation?

A

single-use equipment

62
Q

What should be done if there is no single- use equipment available for isolation patients?

A

use dedicated equipment labelled with the individuals name.

63
Q

what type of room should isolation patients’s have?

A

ensuite rooms

64
Q

what should be done if an ensuite room isn’t available for an isolated patient?

A

use a dedicated bedpan or commode labelled with patients name.

65
Q

What should all waste within an isolated room be categorised as?

A

hazardous waste

66
Q

where should the waste bin for an isolated patient be located?

A

within the single room

67
Q

What type of bin should be used for isolated patients?

A
  • foot operted
  • easy to clean
  • full enclosed
68
Q

How should linen used by an isolated patient be treated?

A

once used, treat as infected/contaminated.

dispose in appropriate bags (innersoluble) for transport

69
Q

How often should the isolation room be cleaned?

A

At least on a daily basis

70
Q

where environmental contamination may increase the rik of cross-contamination, what should be done to an isolation room?

A

increase levels of cleaning

71
Q

What is a “terminal clean”?

A

when a room has been cleaned thoroughly with the curtains changed

72
Q

When should a terminal clean take place?

A

when an isolated patient has been discharged or the infection has been resolved

73
Q

How do you ensure an isolation room is clean?

A

there is a joint sign off sheet for NIC and housekeeping staff

74
Q

What should be displayed outside the isolation room door?

A

A sign explaining special precautions that all staff caring for th patient must follow including advice for visitors.

75
Q

How should a nurse alleviate anxiety for the isolated patient and visitors?

A

Explain reason for isolation and special precautions to invidual and visitors whilst maintaining confidentiality.

76
Q

what will help reduce the psychological impact of isolation that some individuals experience?

A

good communication

77
Q

In what order should you put on PPE prior to entering isolation room

A
  • Apron
  • Eye protection/masks
  • Gloves
78
Q

In what order should you remove PPE when leaving an isolation room?

A
  • Remove Gloves
  • Remove Apron
  • Remove Eye protection and mask
79
Q

What type of of sink tap should isolation rooms have?

A

elbow operated taps

Knowledge and Skills for Adult Nursing (13 decks)

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