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PCT > Infection Control And Standard (universal) Precautions > Flashcards

Infection Control And Standard (universal) Precautions Flashcards

1
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety Health Administration

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2
Q

OSHA’s tasks

A
  • Set workplace health and safety regulations
  • Provide training and education
  • Is a federal organization
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3
Q

Post-blood exposures procedure

A
  1. Wash with antiseptic
  2. Report to supervisor
  3. Document (incident report)
  4. Employer must provide medical evaluation and follow up
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4
Q

Latex allergy

A

Can cause contact dermatitis (fine rash/redness) or in severe cases, difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction that can result in death)

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5
Q

Predisposing conditions for latex allergy:

A
  • Spinabifida - spine does not fully develop (born with)

* Allergies to kiwis, nuts, avocados, and bananas

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6
Q

Infections agents

A

Virus, bacteria, parasites (germs)

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7
Q

Reservoirs

A

People, animals, food, soil, water (where germs live)

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8
Q

Portal of exits

A

Mouth, cuts, toilets (how germs get out)

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9
Q

Mode of transmission

A

Hands, sneezing, coughing (how germs get around)

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10
Q

Portal of entry

A

Mouth, eyes, cuts (how germs get in)

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11
Q

Susceptible hosts

A

Babies, un immunized, elderly (anybody)

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12
Q

Direct contact

A

Skin to skin, kissing, sex, contact with soil or vegetation

Ex. Mononucleosis (mono), gonorrhea, hookworm

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13
Q

Droplet contact (under direct contact)

A

Sneezing, talking, singing, coughing

Ex. Pertussis, meningococcal, COVID

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14
Q

Indirect contact

A

Airborne; transmission occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in the air

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15
Q

Characteristics of indirect contact

A
  • Lasts long periods
  • Can travel long distances
  • Vehicles of transmission are food, water, blood, also scalpels and bedding
  • Vectors such as mosquitos, flies, ticks
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16
Q

Identifying potentially infection patients:

A 
Anyone who comes in with:
•Rash
•Diarrhea 
•Respiratory symptoms 
•Draining wounds 
•Skin lesions
(All can be easily spread)
17
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Respiratory Ex. Influenza (flu), pertussis
•PPE (personal protective equipment): Gloves, gown, facemask/shield
•Wash hands before and after patient care
•Patient wear face mask also
•Clean and disinfect patients room and areas where patient has been

18
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Ex. Tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, COVID

•POE: N-95 mask, gloves, gown, goggles

19
Q

Breaking the chain of infection

A

A. Effective hygiene
B. Using PPE
C. Isolate patient
D. Follow standard (universal) precautions

20
Q

Gloves

A

Vinyl, latex, nitrile
•Sterile gloves are worn by surgeons and healthcare personnel who perform invasive procedures (I.e Foley catheter, urinary swelling catheter)

21
Q

Dos and donts of glove use

A
  1. Work from clean to dirty (basic principle of infection control)
  2. Limit opportunities for “touch contamination” (I.e light switches, door knobs)
  3. Change gloves as needed (I.e tear, soiled)
22
Q

PPE for face:

A
  • Mask - protects nose and mouth
  • Goggles - protects eyes
  • Face shield - protects face (I.e irrigating wound, suctioning copious (large amount) secretions

*putulent - consisting of or containing pus, discharging pus

23
Q

Donning (putting on) PPE:

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask / respirator
  3. Goggles / face shield
  4. Gloves
24
Q

Using PPE:

A
  1. Keep gloved hands away from face
  2. Avoid touching or adjusting other PPE
  3. Remove gloves if they become torn: preform hand hygiene before putting on new gloves
  4. Limit touching surface and items
25
Q

Removal of PPE (doffing)

A
  1. Gown and gloves
  2. Goggles / face shield
  3. Mask / respiration
  4. Wash hands
26
Q

Blood borne pathogen

A

Infectious micro-organisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans (I.e Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV - immunodeficiency virus)
•Contact through needle sticks and sharps injuries

27
Q

Post exposure to blood born pathogen

A
  1. Flood with water
  2. Clean with soap
  3. Report to supervisor immediately
  4. Document
  5. Medical attention
28
Q

Sterilization

A

The process that destroys or eliminates microbial life and can be done via physical or chemical methods

29
Q

Methods of sterilization

A
  • Steam - preferred method for Med/surg instruments
  • Cool steam or heat sterilized
  • Low temp
  • Per acetic acid emersión (heat sensitive)
  • Dry heat
30
Q

Disinfection

A

Process that Eliminates many or all pathogenic organisms except some bacterial spores

31
Q

Examples of chemical disinfectants

A
  • Alcohol
  • Chlorine
  • Formaldehyde
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Iodine
32
Q

Factors that affect the effectiveness of sterilization/disinfection:

A
  1. Prior cleaning of object (needs to look clean before sterilization or disinfection)
  2. Type and level of microbial contamination
  3. Concentration of and exposure to the germicide (straight or watered down?)
  4. Temperature and ph
  5. Humidity

PCT (9 decks)

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