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PCT > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

3 lead EKG

A
  • Usually continuous monitoring
  • 4 parts (limb leads)
  • RA - White
  • LA - Black
  • RL - Green
  • LL - Red
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2
Q

5 lead EKG (Holter monitor)

A
  • R Sternum (white)
  • L Sternum (black)
  • R Lower thoracic (green)
  • L Lower thoracic (red)
  • Bottom right of sternum (Brown)
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3
Q

Skin prep for EKG

A
  • Shave area for smoother application
  • Clean with alcohol wipes
  • Use exfoliating paper
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4
Q

12 lead EKG

A

•Regular 3 lead set up (all 4 limb leads)
•Precordial leads
-V1: 4th intercostal space, R of sternum
-V2: 4th intercostal space, L of sternum
-V4: 5th intercostal space, midvlavicular
-V3: Between V2 and V4
-V6: 5th intercostal space, midaxillary (line up at V4 level)
-V5: 5th intercostal space between V4 and V6

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5
Q

Einthoven triangle/law

A

An equilateral triangel used as a model of standard limb leads used to record EKG. The heart is said to be the center of the triangle.

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6
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Pain or discomfort in the chest

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7
Q

Stable angina

A

Occurs with exercise and is relieved with rest and meds (less than 20 mins)

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8
Q

Unstable angina

A

Occurs suddenly without warning (more than 20 mins)

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9
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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10
Q

Apex

A

Lower pointed end of heart

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11
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm

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12
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A chronic disease characterized by the hardening and thickening of the arteries

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13
Q

Artifact

A

Electrical or magnetic interference that alters the EKG tracing

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14
Q

Asystole

A

Absense of any electrical activity of the heart

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15
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque build up on the inner lining of the blood vessels

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16
Q

AV node (atrioventricular node)

A

Consists of specialized tissue that is able to regulate impulses between atria and ventricles

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17
Q

Baseline

A

An electrically neutral area of an EKG

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18
Q

Bundle branch

A

Part of the conduction system responsible for triggering ventricular muscle contractions

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19
Q

Bundle of HIS

A

Part of conduction system responsible for conducting a stimulus to the septum and bundle branches

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20
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

The absense of cardiac activity

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21
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium

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22
Q

Ectopic

A

Originating in the heart other than the SA node (sinoatrial node)

23
Q

EKG (electrocardiograph)

A

A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart

24
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer of the heart

25
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of the heart

26
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle muscular layer of the heart

27
Q

IVC (inferior vena cava)

A

Largest vein in the body: returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

28
Q

Intercostal

A

Between ribs

29
Q

Ischemia

A

Insufficient oxygen of tissue

30
Q

Mediastinum

A

1 of 3 compartments in chest that encapsulates the heart and great vessels

31
Q

Midaxillary

A

Imaginary line through axillay region, separates front and back of body

32
Q

Midclavicular

A

Imaginary line through middle of clavicle

33
Q

MI (myocardinal infarction)

A

Death of the heart muscle

34
Q

Pacemaker

A

A device that provides artificial stimulation to the heart muscle to trigger contraction

35
Q

PQRST waves

A

The standard waveform found on an EKG tracing. Each wave corresponds to a specific event in the cardiac cycle

36
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Fibers that conduct electrical impulses through the right and left ventricles

37
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

Pacemaker of the heart; in right atrium; where the heartbeat originates

38
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

39
Q

QRS waves

A

Ventricular depolarization

40
Q

T waves

A

Ventricular repolarization

41
Q

AV node

A

40-60 BPM

“The gatekeeper”

42
Q

SA node

A

60-100 BPM

“The pacemaker”

43
Q

Depolarization

A

Contraction

44
Q

Repolarization

A

Relaxing

45
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Procedure

46
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Instrument

47
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Graphical representation

48
Q

Holter monitor

A

Small portable EKG monitor worn for 24 hrs or more

49
Q

Lub dub

A
  • Lub - 1st sound (closing of tricuspud and bicuspid valves)
  • Dub - 2nd sound (closing of aortic and pulmonary valves)
50
Q

Other names for Coronary heart disease (CDH)

A
  • Artherosclerosis
  • Heart disease
  • Ischemic heart disease
  • Hardening of the arteries
51
Q

Heart attack

A

Occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle is cut off

52
Q

What causes coronary heart disease

A
  • Smoking
  • High blood pressure
  • Inflammation of blood vessels
53
Q

Major risk factors

A
  • Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels
  • Insulin resistance
  • obesity
  • Lack of physical activity

PCT (9 decks)

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