EKG

Question 1

3 lead EKG

Answer 1

• Usually continuous monitoring
• 4 parts (limb leads)
• RA - White
• LA - Black
• RL - Green
• LL - Red

Question 2

5 lead EKG (Holter monitor)

Answer 2

• R Sternum (white)
• L Sternum (black)
• R Lower thoracic (green)
• L Lower thoracic (red)
• Bottom right of sternum (Brown)

Question 3

Skin prep for EKG

Answer 3

• Shave area for smoother application
• Clean with alcohol wipes
• Use exfoliating paper

Question 4

12 lead EKG

Answer 4

•Regular 3 lead set up (all 4 limb leads)
•Precordial leads
-V1: 4th intercostal space, R of sternum
-V2: 4th intercostal space, L of sternum
-V4: 5th intercostal space, midvlavicular
-V3: Between V2 and V4
-V6: 5th intercostal space, midaxillary (line up at V4 level)
-V5: 5th intercostal space between V4 and V6

Question 5

Einthoven triangle/law

Answer 5

An equilateral triangel used as a model of standard limb leads used to record EKG. The heart is said to be the center of the triangle.

Question 6

Angina pectoris

Answer 6

Pain or discomfort in the chest

Question 7

Stable angina

Answer 7

Occurs with exercise and is relieved with rest and meds (less than 20 mins)

Question 8

Unstable angina

Answer 8

Occurs suddenly without warning (more than 20 mins)

Question 9

Aorta

Answer 9

Largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 10

Apex

Answer 10

Lower pointed end of heart

Question 11

Arrhythmia

Answer 11

An abnormal heart rhythm

Question 12

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 12

A chronic disease characterized by the hardening and thickening of the arteries

Question 13

Artifact

Answer 13

Electrical or magnetic interference that alters the EKG tracing

Question 14

Asystole

Answer 14

Absense of any electrical activity of the heart

Question 15

Atherosclerosis

Answer 15

Plaque build up on the inner lining of the blood vessels

Question 16

AV node (atrioventricular node)

Answer 16

Consists of specialized tissue that is able to regulate impulses between atria and ventricles

Question 17

Baseline

Answer 17

An electrically neutral area of an EKG

Question 18

Bundle branch

Answer 18

Part of the conduction system responsible for triggering ventricular muscle contractions

Question 19

Bundle of HIS

Answer 19

Part of conduction system responsible for conducting a stimulus to the septum and bundle branches

Question 20

Cardiac arrest

Answer 20

The absense of cardiac activity

Question 21

Coronary arteries

Answer 21

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 22

Ectopic

Answer 22

Originating in the heart other than the SA node (sinoatrial node)

Question 23

EKG (electrocardiograph)

Answer 23

A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart

Question 24

Endocardium

Answer 24

Innermost layer of the heart

Question 25

Epicardium

Answer 25

Outermost layer of the heart

Question 26

Myocardium

Answer 26

Middle muscular layer of the heart

Question 27

IVC (inferior vena cava)

Answer 27

Largest vein in the body: returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 28

Intercostal

Answer 28

Between ribs

Question 29

Ischemia

Answer 29

Insufficient oxygen of tissue

Question 30

Mediastinum

Answer 30

1 of 3 compartments in chest that encapsulates the heart and great vessels

Question 31

Midaxillary

Answer 31

Imaginary line through axillay region, separates front and back of body

Question 32

Midclavicular

Answer 32

Imaginary line through middle of clavicle

Question 33

MI (myocardinal infarction)

Answer 33

Death of the heart muscle

Question 34

Pacemaker

Answer 34

A device that provides artificial stimulation to the heart muscle to trigger contraction

Question 35

PQRST waves

Answer 35

The standard waveform found on an EKG tracing. Each wave corresponds to a specific event in the cardiac cycle

Question 36

Purkinje fibers

Answer 36

Fibers that conduct electrical impulses through the right and left ventricles

Question 37

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 37

Pacemaker of the heart; in right atrium; where the heartbeat originates

Question 38

P wave

Answer 38

Atrial depolarization

Question 39

QRS waves

Answer 39

Ventricular depolarization

Question 40

T waves

Answer 40

Ventricular repolarization

Question 41

AV node

Answer 41

40-60 BPM | “The gatekeeper”

Question 42

SA node

Answer 42

60-100 BPM | “The pacemaker”

Question 43

Depolarization

Answer 43

Contraction

Question 44

Repolarization

Answer 44

Relaxing

Question 45

Electrocardiography

Answer 45

Procedure

Question 46

Electrocardiograph

Answer 46

Instrument

Question 47

Electrocardiogram

Answer 47

Graphical representation

Question 48

Holter monitor

Answer 48

Small portable EKG monitor worn for 24 hrs or more

Question 49

Lub dub

Answer 49

* Lub - 1st sound (closing of tricuspud and bicuspid valves) * Dub - 2nd sound (closing of aortic and pulmonary valves)

Question 50

Other names for Coronary heart disease (CDH)

Answer 50

* Artherosclerosis * Heart disease * Ischemic heart disease * Hardening of the arteries

Question 51

Heart attack

Answer 51

Occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle is cut off

Question 52

What causes coronary heart disease

Answer 52

* Smoking * High blood pressure * Inflammation of blood vessels

Question 53

Major risk factors

Answer 53

* Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels * Insulin resistance * obesity * Lack of physical activity