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Clinical Instruction (Kass) > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

How many healthcare related infections occur each year?

A

2 million

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2
Q

How many healthcare related infections result in death each year?

A

100,000

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3
Q

What places patients at risk for healthcare related infections?

A

Progressive and complex medical procedures
Invasive procedures
Antibiotic resistant bacteria

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4
Q

What remains one of the most important infection control measure?

A

Hand hygiene

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5
Q

What are the human sources of infection transmission?

A

Patients
Health care personnel
Family members
Visitors

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5
Q

What is infection transmission dependent on?

A

The source of infectious agents
Susceptible host
Entry portal
Mode of transmission for pathogen

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6
Q

What respiratory care equipment can serve as sources of infection transmission?

A

Stethoscopes
Beside tables
Any inanimate object that travels from room to room

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7
Q

Who qualifies as a susceptible host?

A

Person who is exposed to an infection and becomes asymptomatic carrier or develops the disease

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8
Q

What are the routes of infection transmission?

A

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle
Vector

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9
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via contact?

A

Influenza
HIV
Ebola

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10
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via indirect contact?

A

Staph
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hep b and c
HIV

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11
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that are airborne?

A

Legionellosis
Tuberculosis
Varicella

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11
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via droplets?

A

Rhinovirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Rubella

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12
Q

What are some examples that are transmitted via a vehicle such as water or food?

A

Water: cholera
Food: salmonella and hepatitis

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12
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that are vector borne?

A

Ticks: rickettsia and lyme disease
Mosquitoes: malaria

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13
Q

What are the basic strategies for infection control?

A

Immunization of heathcare providers
Equipment processing

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13
Q

What is required for a piece of equipment to be critically processed aka sterile?

A

No viable or living organisms

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14
Q

What is required for a piece of equipment to be semi-critical aka disinfected?

A

Few organisms remaining
Spores and nonlipid viruses possibly remaining viable

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15
Q

What is required for a piece of equipment to be considered noncritical aka clean?

A

Gross appreciable organic matter removed

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16
Q

What are chlorine and chlorine compounds used to disinfect?

A

Spot disinfection
CPR training dummies

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16
Q

What are the steps of equipment processing?

A

Cleaning
Disinfection
Steilization
Monitoring and surveillance

17
Q

Describe what indicator strips are used for and what a positive vs a negative test looks like

A

Internal chemical indicator strips and challenge packs are used to capture sterilization failures
Gives immediate results

17
Q

What is alcohol usually used to disinfect?

A

Thermometers
Scissors
Stethoscopes

18
Q

What are the methods of sterilization?

A

Steam = autoclaving
Ethylene oxide
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Peracetic acid

18
Q

What is acetic acid used to disinfect?

A

Homecare equipment

18
Q

What is glutaraldehyde use to disinfect?

A

Spirometry tubing
Anesthesia resuscitation bags

19
Q

What is peracetic acid used to disinfect?

A

Endoscopes

19
Q

What is idodophor used to disinfect?

A

Hydrotherapy tanks
Thermometers

19
Q

What is hydrogen peroxide used to disinfect?

A

Ventilator surfaces

20
Q

What is benzyl ammonium chloride used to disinfect?

A

CPAP masks

21
Q

What are phenols used to disinfect?

A

Environmental surfaces
Bed rails
Tables and surfaces

21
Q

What are quaternary ammonium compounds used to disinfect?

A

Floors
Furniture
Blood pressure cuffs

22
Q

How do indicator strips for radioactive sterilization work?

A

Change from yellow to red upon exposure to gamma or electron beam radiation

23
Q

Describe the process for removing a contaminated gown

A

Unfasten ties
Pull away from neck and shoulders touching inside of the gown only
Turn gown inside out
Fold or roll into bundle and discard

23
Q

What are the methods equipment surveillance?

A

Aspiration
Plating
Swabbing

23
Q

What is the sequence for removing gloves?

A

Outside of gloves is contaminated
Grasp outside of glove with opposite gloved hand and peel off
Hold removed glove in gloved hand
Slide fingers of ungloved hand under remaining glove at wrist
Peel glove over first glove, discard

24
Q

What are the standard precautions that should be taken?

A

Hand hygiene
Gloves, masks, and eye protection when appropriate
Limit touching of face or adjusting PPE with contaminated glove

25
Q

When should hands be washed vs using hand sanitizer?

A

Hands should be washed when they are soiled with blood, body fluids, or excrement

25
Q

What provider variable could reduce hand hygiene effectiveness?

A

Long nails, nail extenders and jewelry

26
Q

Describe the process for removing goggles or faceshield

A

Handle by headband or ear pieces
Place in designated receptacle for processing or in waste container

27
Q

Describe the process for removing a mask or respirator if it has been contaminated

A

Grasp bottom and then top ties or elastics and remove. Discard in waste container

28
Q

What are healthcare associated sources of respiratory infection?

A

Ventilatory circuit changes
Condensate in vent tubing
Humidifiers
Nebulizers
Suction catheters
PFT equipment

29
Q

what is the best way to prevent the spread of infection in the ICU

A

wash yo hands

30
Q

The proper sequence for doffing PPE is

A

gloves, gown, mask

31
Q

the process that destroys all forms of pathogenic organisms on an inanimate object is

A

sterilization

32
Q

A male patient is admitted for influenza, in addition to standard precautions, what other safety precautions should be taken?

A

Patient should wear a surgical mask
Everyone within 3 feet of the patient should wear a surgical mask
A private room is preferred

33
Q

The correct sequence for donning personal protective equipment is

A

mask, gown, gloves

34
Q

what devices are used to capture sterilization failures?

A

Indicator strips
Aspiration
Swabs
Visualization

35
Q

A patient is admitted with MRSA, in addition to standard precautions, what other precautions should be taken?

A

Hands must be washed after removing gown
Patient must wear a gown during transport
Gloves must be changed after contact with contaminated secretions
Gloves are required when entering the room

36
Q

A patient is admitted with tuberculosis, in addition to standard precautions, what other precautions should be taken?

A

patient should be placed in an airborne isolation room with 6-12 air changes per hour
Everyone entering the room should wear an N95 or PAPR
Patient should wear a surgical mask for transports

Clinical Instruction (Kass) (13 decks)

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