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IM1 Exam 1 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

inherent

A

native to the host, E. coli

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2
Q

contagious

A

spreadable, we get from another person, flu, strep

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3
Q

localized

A

affects one part of the body, wart on finger

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4
Q

systemic

A

affects whole body, pneumonia, flu

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5
Q

primary

A

first infection

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6
Q

secondary

A

occurs because of another infection

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7
Q

exogenous

A

lives outside of us - exterior

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8
Q

endogenous

A

lives inside of us

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9
Q

infection

A

when a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying within a host - invasion and multiplication

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10
Q

colonization

A

presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but no tissue invasion or damage

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11
Q

communicable disease

A

can be transmitted from one individual to another, COVID

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12
Q

symptomatic infection

A

have signs and symptoms of disease

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13
Q

asymptomatic infection

A

no symptoms

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14
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease, seasonal flu, new strand of COVID

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15
Q

best solution to prevent illness

A

hand hygiene

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16
Q

barrier techniques

A

gloves, masks, gown, goggles

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17
Q

antiseptic

A

used on the skin

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18
Q

disinfectant

A

used on inanimate objects

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19
Q

conscientious patient care

A

throwing away trash, cleaning up tissues, washing sheets

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20
Q

5 prevention and control techniques

A

hand hygiene, barriers, antiseptics/disinfectants, immunizations/medications, conscientous

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21
Q

most important action during hand hygiene

A

friction

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22
Q

what happens the longer the duration of care in the absence of hand hygiene?

A

the higher the degree of contamination (colonization) on the healthcare worker’s hands

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23
Q

why is hand hygiene so important?

A

to prevent our patients from getting sick or giving germs from one patient to another
to keep us from getting sick

24
Q

healthcare associated infections - nosocomial infections

A

10th leading cause of death in US

25
Q

each year in the US, how many people get HAI?

A

2 million patients, 90,000 of those die

26
Q

each year in the US, how many people die from poor hand hygiene?

A

a third of our population

27
Q

5 moments for hand hygiene

A

before touching a patient, before clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching patient surroundings

28
Q

the iceberg effect

A

present infection is tip of iceberg, there are so many more organisms in patient’s body that are colonized

29
Q

natural defense mechanisms against infection

A

skin, mouth (saliva, inside lining moves things), eyes (eyelashes, tears), respiratory tract (cough, secretions, hairs in nose), urinary tract, GI (motility and peristalsis), vagina (acidic environment)
skin, mouth, eyes, resp, uri, vag

30
Q

infectious agents examples

A

virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, helminths (worms), prions
VBFPHP

31
Q

reservoir

A

any natural setting where growth and reproduction of an infectious agent can occur
where organism reproduces and thrives

32
Q

reservoir examples

A

humans, animals, food, water, insects, inanimate objects (more mode), soiled or wet dressings, hospital equipment

33
Q

portal of exit

A

where an infectious agent gets out of where it came from - excretions, secretions, skin, droplets

34
Q

portal of exit examples

A

anything that’s open - open wound, mouth, eyes, Gi tract
resp: sputum, cough, sneeze
G-U: reproductive secretions, urine
G-I: saliva, emesis, blood, feces
venous: blood
non-intact skin: draining wounds
eyes/ears

35
Q

respiratory hygiene is so important because

A

you’re creating a portal of exit unless you cover your cough, sneeze, wear a mask

36
Q

direct contact

A

person to person

37
Q

indirect contact

A

fomite (objects) - stethoscope, thermometer, bed railing

38
Q

respiratory

A

through the air

39
Q

vector

A

insect transmission

40
Q

indirect contact high touch areas

A

gowns, bed linen, bedside furniture, objects in immediate environment
handles
IV poles
bp machines, pulse ox, stethoscope
accudata machines

41
Q

bleach wipes

A

for where C diff is present, have to keep surface wet for 3 minutes

42
Q

hydrogen peroxide wipes

A

almost all patients who don’t have C diff, have to keep surface wet for 1 minute

43
Q

portal of entry

A

GI-GU tract, mucous membranes, skin integrity disruption, respiratory tract, eyes

44
Q

susceptible host

A

immunocompromised from chemo, autoimmune, chronic illnesses
old or very young
trauma/surgery
indwelling devices
skin, mucous membrane breaks
poor oxygenation
impaired circulation
chronic or acute disease
antibiotic resistant (MDRO)
poor aseptic measures
poor nutrition
crowded environments
poor sanitation
travel exposure

45
Q

nurse having open abrasion on skin could represent which three elements in chain of infection?

A

portal of exit, entry and reservoir

46
Q

a butterfly needle used to draw blood, if not properly disposed of, could be which element in chain of infection?

A

method of transmission

47
Q

mouth is which element?

A

portal of exit

48
Q

IV inserted without cleaning skin is which element?

A

method of transmission, portal of entry is skin

49
Q

a stethoscope represents which element?

A

method of transmission

50
Q

flowers/plants represent which two elements?

A

reservoir and method of transmission

51
Q

when a nurse fails to wear PPE for a patient isolated with pertussis, the nurse’s scrubs are which element?

A

method of transmission

52
Q

unwashed fruit directly from a field is which two elements?

A

reservoir and method of transmission
mouth is portal of entry

53
Q

containers with free standing water are which element?

A

reservoir

54
Q

COVID-19 is which element?

A

etiological agent

55
Q

a head laceration that is open to the air, somewhat fresh and not showing signs of infection is which element?

A

portal of entry

56
Q

healthcare-associated infections have three effects

A

increased morbidity and mortality of patients
increased cost to the organization
decreased trust

IM1 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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