Body Mechanics Flashcards
what is body mechanics?
alignment, posture, promotes comfort, keeps center of gravity
what messes up your body mechanics?
vertigo, weakness, bad injury, pregnancy
regulation of movement
bones, muscles act like levers
tendons bind muscle to bone
ligaments bind bone to bone
skeletal muscle is attached to what?
skeleton
is skeletal muscle movement voluntary or involuntary
both voluntary and involuntary
is smooth muscle movement voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
is cardiac muscle movement voluntary or involuntary
involuntary - spontaneous
what is skeletal muscle’s purpose?
posture and movement
what is smooth muscle?
digestive tract, bladder, blood vessels
three types of range of motion in joints
flexion, extension, hyperextension
abduction
moving away from the body - abducting it away
adduction
moving toward the center of body - adding it back
rotation
moving the head side to side
circumduction
rotating arms in circles
the healthcare industry has the
worst rates of overexertion injuries among all US industries
there are how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers
75 overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers
there are how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility
107 injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility
hospital rates for healthcare injuries are how many times the national average for all industries
hospital rates are nearly twice the national average
nursing home rates for healthcare industries are how many times the national average for all industries
nursing home rates are three times as high as the national average
what is the leading and most costly occupational health problem?
work-related musculoskeletal disorders
types of soft tissue damage - work-related musculoskeletal disorders
muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, nerves, spinal disks
risk factors to the nurse
duration - how long you’re doing it
frequency - how many times you’re doing it
intensity - how much each time doing it affects you?
ANA position statement supports
practices that eliminate manual patient handling, lifting, transferring
true or false - training nurses to use proper body mechanics alone will avoid injuries
false
true or false - while lifting devices minimize risk, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders cannot be eliminated altogether
true
true or false - studies have shown that patients feel more comfortable and secure when a mechanical device is used
true
true or false - it can actually take much longer to round up a team of colleagues to manually lift a patient than to find and use lifting equipment
true
injuries - patient risk factors
weak/unable to help with transfers, vision or hearing loss, overweight, poor communication, unpredictable, uncooperative, experiencing pain
injuries - nurse risk factors
previous injuries, not compliant with policies and procedures, sleep deprivation, not trained properly, poor physical health
injuries - task-related risk factors
reaching and lifting with loads far from the body, lifting heavy loads, twisting while lifting, unexpected changes in load demand during lift, reaching, long duration
injuries to the nurse can be from
moving or carrying a load a significant distance
awkward posture
pushing/pulling incorrectly
completing activity with bed or chair at wrong height
frequent/repeated lifting & moving
what are the parts of the foundation of body mechanics?
face the direction of movement, body alignment, center of gravity, balance, base of support
keep your center of gravity over a
wide base of support
body mechanics principles
arrange adequate help
flex knees, keep feet wide apart
keep back, neck, pelvis, feet aligned, avoid twisting
tighten stomach muscles and pull butt in
keep object close to self
use arms and legs, not back
use coordinated movements
activity orders
a doctor’s order that defines the type and amount of activity a hospitalized patient may have
check this before getting a patient up
what does BR mean?
bedrest - complete bedrest
what does BR with BRP mean?
bedrest with bathroom privileges
what does up ad lib mean?
as patient wants to/desires
what does up as tolerated mean?
as patient is able to tolerate
what does dangle mean?
patient may sit and dangle their feet over the edge of the bed
what does up in chair with assists mean?
patient may transfer from bed to chair with help
what does NWB mean?
non-weight bearing
what does TDWB mean?
touch-down weight bearing
what does TTWB mean?
toe-touch weight bearing
what does WBAT mean?
weight bearing as tolerated
what does FWB mean?
full weight bearing
standard fall bundle
call light within reach
room free of clutter
belongings within reach
bed locked in lowest position
non-skid socks
moderate fall bundle
fall magnet
yellow socks
yellow gown
high fall bundle
door opened
bed alarm/chair alarm
high Fowler’s position
head of bed 90 degrees
Fowler’s position
head of bed raised to angle of 45 degrees or more
semi-Fowler’s position
head of bed raised to 30 degrees
Trendelenburg bed position
entire bed tilted with head of bed down
vertigo, blood pressure, to help avoid air embolism when taking out central catheter
reverse Trendelenburg bed position
entire bed titled with foot of bed down
uncontrolled hypertension, pressure in head
flat bed position
entire bed is horizontal to floor
supine position
on the spine, on the back
prone position
on their front, so you can reach back
lateral position
on the side with one arm under head
post seizure or vomiting
orthopneic position
sitting up and resting forward over a side table/pillows
helps with breathing
lateral recumbent position
laying on side, with legs slightly apart
giving a suppository
lithotomy position
for doing a pap smear or vaginal exam
use manual lifting as a
last resort
how to manual lift
assess weight of patient
get help
bend at the knees
use large muscles of legs instead of back to lift
points to consider when moving patients
how capable is the patient
are assistive devices needed
explain the transfer process
does equipment function properly
bed in locked position
assistive devices
gait belt
air pal
slide board
trapeze bars
hoyer lift
where to put the gait belt on pt
around waist below belly button
stand on strong side if
pt has injuries
stand on weak side if
pt has neurological problems, weak, dizzy
thumbs above or below gait belt
thumbs above gait belt, four fingers below
as pt ambulates, do what with hands?
hold one hand on gait belt on back
as pt falls, what do you do?
widen base, extend one leg and let them slide down your leg, bend your knees as they fall
how should the bed be when using a slide board?
all four siderails lowered, bed is at highest comfortable height, brakes should be locked
trapeze bar
pt can grab bar and use it to pull themselves up in bed
hoyer lift
pt who are non-weight bearing, unable to cooperate, paraplegia, quadriplegia
moving patients principles
use patient-handling equipment and devices
arrange for adequate help
raise bed to comfortable working height
encourage patient to help as much as possible
use body mechanic principles
coordinate the lift by counting to 3
use manual lift as last resort
ambulation
the ability to walk
gait
the manner of walking - the way a person ambulates
normal gait places body weight fully on each leg in turn
head erect, spine is aligned, hip and knees have appropriate flexion and arms swing freely in alternation with legs
how to assist with ambulation
evaluate the environment for safety
obtain baseline blood pressure
dangle patient if indicated
support the patient at their waist
return patient to chair/bed if dizziness or syncope episode
support patient with hemiplegia (weakness on one side) or hemiparesis (paralysis on one side)
when in doubt, get help
support on weak side
proper cane height and position
elbows should be bent at 15 degrees with cane height below crotch
how far should crutch be from axilla and why?
2-3 finger-width space between axilla and top of crutch, prevents injury to brachial plexus nerves
where should wrists line up on crutches?
wrists should line up with grab bars when arms are relaxed
when grasping handgrips, elbow flexion should be 15-30 degrees
