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IM1 Exam 1 > Body Mechanics > Flashcards

Body Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what is body mechanics?

A

alignment, posture, promotes comfort, keeps center of gravity

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2
Q

what messes up your body mechanics?

A

vertigo, weakness, bad injury, pregnancy

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3
Q

regulation of movement

A

bones, muscles act like levers
tendons bind muscle to bone
ligaments bind bone to bone

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4
Q

skeletal muscle is attached to what?

A

skeleton

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5
Q

is skeletal muscle movement voluntary or involuntary

A

both voluntary and involuntary

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6
Q

is smooth muscle movement voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

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7
Q

is cardiac muscle movement voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary - spontaneous

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8
Q

what is skeletal muscle’s purpose?

A

posture and movement

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9
Q

what is smooth muscle?

A

digestive tract, bladder, blood vessels

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10
Q

three types of range of motion in joints

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension

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11
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the body - abducting it away

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12
Q

adduction

A

moving toward the center of body - adding it back

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13
Q

rotation

A

moving the head side to side

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14
Q

circumduction

A

rotating arms in circles

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15
Q

the healthcare industry has the

A

worst rates of overexertion injuries among all US industries

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16
Q

there are how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers

A

75 overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers

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17
Q

there are how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility

A

107 injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility

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18
Q

hospital rates for healthcare injuries are how many times the national average for all industries

A

hospital rates are nearly twice the national average

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19
Q

nursing home rates for healthcare industries are how many times the national average for all industries

A

nursing home rates are three times as high as the national average

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20
Q

what is the leading and most costly occupational health problem?

A

work-related musculoskeletal disorders

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21
Q

types of soft tissue damage - work-related musculoskeletal disorders

A

muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, nerves, spinal disks

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22
Q

risk factors to the nurse

A

duration - how long you’re doing it
frequency - how many times you’re doing it
intensity - how much each time doing it affects you?

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23
Q

ANA position statement supports

A

practices that eliminate manual patient handling, lifting, transferring

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24
Q

true or false - training nurses to use proper body mechanics alone will avoid injuries

A

false

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25
Q

true or false - while lifting devices minimize risk, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders cannot be eliminated altogether

A

true

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26
Q

true or false - studies have shown that patients feel more comfortable and secure when a mechanical device is used

A

true

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27
Q

true or false - it can actually take much longer to round up a team of colleagues to manually lift a patient than to find and use lifting equipment

A

true

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28
Q

injuries - patient risk factors

A

weak/unable to help with transfers, vision or hearing loss, overweight, poor communication, unpredictable, uncooperative, experiencing pain

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29
Q

injuries - nurse risk factors

A

previous injuries, not compliant with policies and procedures, sleep deprivation, not trained properly, poor physical health

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30
Q

injuries - task-related risk factors

A

reaching and lifting with loads far from the body, lifting heavy loads, twisting while lifting, unexpected changes in load demand during lift, reaching, long duration

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31
Q

injuries to the nurse can be from

A

moving or carrying a load a significant distance
awkward posture
pushing/pulling incorrectly
completing activity with bed or chair at wrong height
frequent/repeated lifting & moving

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32
Q

what are the parts of the foundation of body mechanics?

A

face the direction of movement, body alignment, center of gravity, balance, base of support

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33
Q

keep your center of gravity over a

A

wide base of support

34
Q

body mechanics principles

A

arrange adequate help
flex knees, keep feet wide apart
keep back, neck, pelvis, feet aligned, avoid twisting
tighten stomach muscles and pull butt in
keep object close to self
use arms and legs, not back
use coordinated movements

35
Q

activity orders

A

a doctor’s order that defines the type and amount of activity a hospitalized patient may have
check this before getting a patient up

36
Q

what does BR mean?

A

bedrest - complete bedrest

37
Q

what does BR with BRP mean?

A

bedrest with bathroom privileges

38
Q

what does up ad lib mean?

A

as patient wants to/desires

39
Q

what does up as tolerated mean?

A

as patient is able to tolerate

40
Q

what does dangle mean?

A

patient may sit and dangle their feet over the edge of the bed

41
Q

what does up in chair with assists mean?

A

patient may transfer from bed to chair with help

42
Q

what does NWB mean?

A

non-weight bearing

43
Q

what does TDWB mean?

A

touch-down weight bearing

44
Q

what does TTWB mean?

A

toe-touch weight bearing

45
Q

what does WBAT mean?

A

weight bearing as tolerated

46
Q

what does FWB mean?

A

full weight bearing

47
Q

standard fall bundle

A

call light within reach
room free of clutter
belongings within reach
bed locked in lowest position
non-skid socks

48
Q

moderate fall bundle

A

fall magnet
yellow socks
yellow gown

49
Q

high fall bundle

A

door opened
bed alarm/chair alarm

50
Q

high Fowler’s position

A

head of bed 90 degrees

51
Q

Fowler’s position

A

head of bed raised to angle of 45 degrees or more

52
Q

semi-Fowler’s position

A

head of bed raised to 30 degrees

53
Q

Trendelenburg bed position

A

entire bed tilted with head of bed down
vertigo, blood pressure, to help avoid air embolism when taking out central catheter

54
Q

reverse Trendelenburg bed position

A

entire bed titled with foot of bed down
uncontrolled hypertension, pressure in head

55
Q

flat bed position

A

entire bed is horizontal to floor

56
Q

supine position

A

on the spine, on the back

57
Q

prone position

A

on their front, so you can reach back

58
Q

lateral position

A

on the side with one arm under head
post seizure or vomiting

59
Q

orthopneic position

A

sitting up and resting forward over a side table/pillows
helps with breathing

60
Q

lateral recumbent position

A

laying on side, with legs slightly apart
giving a suppository

61
Q

lithotomy position

A

for doing a pap smear or vaginal exam

62
Q

use manual lifting as a

A

last resort

63
Q

how to manual lift

A

assess weight of patient
get help
bend at the knees
use large muscles of legs instead of back to lift

64
Q

points to consider when moving patients

A

how capable is the patient
are assistive devices needed
explain the transfer process
does equipment function properly
bed in locked position

65
Q

assistive devices

A

gait belt
air pal
slide board
trapeze bars
hoyer lift

66
Q

where to put the gait belt on pt

A

around waist below belly button

67
Q

stand on strong side if

A

pt has injuries

68
Q

stand on weak side if

A

pt has neurological problems, weak, dizzy

69
Q

thumbs above or below gait belt

A

thumbs above gait belt, four fingers below

70
Q

as pt ambulates, do what with hands?

A

hold one hand on gait belt on back

71
Q

as pt falls, what do you do?

A

widen base, extend one leg and let them slide down your leg, bend your knees as they fall

72
Q

how should the bed be when using a slide board?

A

all four siderails lowered, bed is at highest comfortable height, brakes should be locked

73
Q

trapeze bar

A

pt can grab bar and use it to pull themselves up in bed

74
Q

hoyer lift

A

pt who are non-weight bearing, unable to cooperate, paraplegia, quadriplegia

75
Q

moving patients principles

A

use patient-handling equipment and devices
arrange for adequate help
raise bed to comfortable working height
encourage patient to help as much as possible
use body mechanic principles
coordinate the lift by counting to 3
use manual lift as last resort

76
Q

ambulation

A

the ability to walk

77
Q

gait

A

the manner of walking - the way a person ambulates
normal gait places body weight fully on each leg in turn
head erect, spine is aligned, hip and knees have appropriate flexion and arms swing freely in alternation with legs

78
Q

how to assist with ambulation

A

evaluate the environment for safety
obtain baseline blood pressure
dangle patient if indicated
support the patient at their waist
return patient to chair/bed if dizziness or syncope episode
support patient with hemiplegia (weakness on one side) or hemiparesis (paralysis on one side)
when in doubt, get help
support on weak side

79
Q

proper cane height and position

A

elbows should be bent at 15 degrees with cane height below crotch

80
Q

how far should crutch be from axilla and why?

A

2-3 finger-width space between axilla and top of crutch, prevents injury to brachial plexus nerves

81
Q

where should wrists line up on crutches?

A

wrists should line up with grab bars when arms are relaxed
when grasping handgrips, elbow flexion should be 15-30 degrees

IM1 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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