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GCSE AQA 9-1 Biology (for those doing triple) > Infection and response pt1 > Flashcards

Infection and response pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

an infection disease

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2
Q

What causes communicable diseases?

A

pathogens

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3
Q

What are pathogens

A

microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

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4
Q

How do pathogens spread?

A

direct contact
water
air
vectors

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5
Q

What are vectors?

A

organisms that carry pathogens

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6
Q

How are pathogens spread by water?

A

by drinking infected water

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7
Q

How are pathogens spread by air?

A

pathogens can be carried in the air and people breathe it in

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8
Q

How can the spread of disease can be reduced or prevented ? (4)

A

Being Hygenic
destroying vectors
isolated infected individuals
vaccinations

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9
Q

What are the differfent types of pathogens?

A

virus
fungi
bacteria
protists

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10
Q

What do viruses do ?

A

reproduce rapidly in body cells causing damage to the cells

  • The cell will usually then burst to release
    all the new viruses.
  • This cell damage makes you feel ill
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11
Q

What is measles

A

Measles is a viral disease showing symptoms of fever and a red skin rash. Measles is a serious illness that can be fatal if complications arise. For this reason most young children are vaccinated against measles.

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12
Q

How is measles spread?

A

by breathing in droplets from an infected person’s sneezes or cough

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13
Q

What is HIV

A

when the body’s immune system is badly damaged and cannot fight off other infections or cancer.

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14
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids

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15
Q

What happens when HIV is untreated?

A

the virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks the body’s immune cells

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16
Q

How can HIV be controlled?

A

antiretroviral drugs

17
Q

What is TMV?

A

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.
-It gives a distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves

18
Q

How does the distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves negatively impact the plant?

A

affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis.

19
Q

What is a bacteria

A

very small cells which produce rapidly in the body

20
Q

How does bacteria make you feel ill?

A

they may damage cells directly or produce toxins that damage tissues

21
Q

What is salmonella?

A

a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning

22
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

23
Q

What is caused when salmonella bacteria secretes toxins?

A

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea are caused

24
Q

How is salmonella prevented?

A

poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread

25
Q

What is gonorrhoea?

A

STD

26
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A
  • a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis
  • pain when urinating.
27
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

originally treated with penicillin but many resistant strains have now appreared

28
Q

How is the spread of gonorrhoea prevented?

A

treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom.

29
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

sexual contact

30
Q

How do fungi spread?

A

by producing spores which can spead to other plants and animals

31
Q

What is rose black spot?

A

a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.

32
Q

Why is rose black spot bad?

A

It affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced

33
Q

How does rose black spot spread?

A

It is spread in the environment by water or wind.

34
Q

How can rose black spot be treated?

A

using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.

35
Q

What are protists?

A

single-celled eukaryotes some are parasites

36
Q

what are parasites and how are they transferred?

A

organisms that live on or inside other organisms and cause them damage

often transferred by vector, which doesnt get the disease itself

37
Q

What is malaria

A

a disease that causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.

38
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

everytime the mosquito feeds on another animal, it infects it by inserting the protist into the animal’s blood

39
Q

How is malaria prevented?

A

by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

also using insecticides

GCSE AQA 9-1 Biology (for those doing triple) (22 decks)

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