Infection And Response (biology)

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A pathogen is a micro organism capable of causing disease. They include bacteria viruses fungi and protists

Question 2

What happens when a pathogen infects the body?

Answer 2

When a pathogen infects the body, it begins to reproduce and make toxins. These toxins can damage and destroy cells making you feel unwell

Question 3

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 3

Infectious (spreads between ppl) caused by pathogens

Question 4

How does disease spread?

List a minimum of 4 ways

Answer 4

-vectors 🦟
-air 🌬
- contact 🤝
- food 🥘
- water 💦
Exchange of bodily fluids (😘 or 🤧or 🤤or🤮or 💉🩸)

Question 5

What is a vector?

Answer 5

An organism that carries a pathogen between other organisms. many insects are vectors of diseases

• mosquitoes 🦟

Question 6

How to control the spread of pathogens 🦠

Cough cough, to stop large proportion of the population from becoming ill

Answer 6

• hygiene - proper sanitation
• vaccination - injecting a person with sample of inactive pathogen
• isolation - keeping people with disease away from healthy people
• controlling vectors -reduces the amount of people coming into contact with them
• barrier contraption….. Yh i don’t need to explain 😂

Question 7

Bacterial disease can be treated with

Answer 7

Antibiotics

Question 8

Example of bacterial diseases are

Answer 8

• salmonella
• gonorrhoea
• TB
• Tetanus
• Chlamydia
• Cholera
• Heliobacter

Question 9

An organism infected by a virus is called the

Answer 9

Host

Question 10

Viruses live and ………….. inside the cells they infect. This can cause cell………

Answer 10

Viruses live and replicate inside the cells they infect . This can cause all damage

Question 11

Name 3 examples of a virus

Not coronavirus

Answer 11

Measles
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ➡️ AIDS
TMV ( tobacco mosaic virus)

Question 12

Fungal diseases

Do you know anything- flip to knowww moooorrrreee

Answer 12

Some fungi can produce harmful toxins.

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms That can be unicellular and/or multicellular.

Question 13

Examples of fungal infections

Answer 13

Chalara ash dieback (fungal tree disease often fatal) #team treeeeeeesssssssssss 🌳🌳🌲🌲🌴

Question 14

Know any key features of protist disease?

Yes - What are they .
No- On no - flip the card…..

Answer 14

They are a diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms that don’t fit into any other category of eukaryote

They’re varied and don’t share common features

Algae , amoebas and mould are examples

Some are parasites. Example is malaria 🦟

Question 15

Name the three main lines of defence.

Answer 15

Non-specific physical and chemical defences

Non-specific defences within the body

Pathogen specific defences within the body

Question 16

What does the first line defence in your body do?

Answer 16

The first line defence is your body’s natural barrier to infection. They are not specific to the infecting pathogen

Eg tears stop stuff getting in your eyeballs 👁 💦

Question 17

What is the second line of your bodies defence?

Answer 17

The bodies defence is a specialised are specific to a certain pathogen i.e. your blood contain special white blood cells called macrophages which are attracted to the infection

Question 18

What is a vaccination?

Answer 18

A vaccination is when a small amount of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen is injected into the body.

It stimulates white blood cells and the antibodies are able to correct faster

Question 19

What are antibiotics?

Answer 19

Antibiotics are powerful medicine is used to treat diseases caused by bacteria. They can also prevent bacteria from growing and reproducing inside the body 💊🧫

Question 20

Can antibiotics be used to treat viruses?

Answer 20

Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell processes in the bacteria but not the host organism. Antibiotics are unable to reach the virus inside the cell it has impacted in order to kill. Therefore antibiotics Are not used to treat viruses

Question 21

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 21

Alexander Fleming

Left dish ou with staphylococcus ➡️When he returned a mould growing on the dish but the mould head kills the bacteria➡️ nobody realised penicillin had its full potential until Howard Florey & Ernest chain got funds to test it

Question 22

What is antiseptic and how is it used?

Answer 22

Antiseptic contain chemicals to kill bacteria outside the body.

It is used for cleaning and washing hands and preventing bacteria from entering the body.

Question 23

What do antiviral drugs do?

Answer 23

Each anti-viral drug targets are specific virus replicating

They work by stopping the virus reproducing and replicating.

Question 24

What is the toxicity?

Answer 24

If the drug has unwanted side effects

Question 25

What’s the dose?

Answer 25

How much is effective without causing harm

Question 26

Efficacy is…

Answer 26

How well the drug works in treating the illness

Question 27

Pre-clinical testing is….

Answer 27

Testing done in a lab with cultured cells, tissues and animals

Question 28

What are clinical trials?

Answer 28

Drugs tested on healthy volunteers, only done if drug passes pre clinical testing