Infection And Response (biology) Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a micro organism capable of causing disease. They include bacteria viruses fungi and protists
What happens when a pathogen infects the body?
When a pathogen infects the body, it begins to reproduce and make toxins. These toxins can damage and destroy cells making you feel unwell
What is a communicable disease?
Infectious (spreads between ppl) caused by pathogens
How does disease spread?
List a minimum of 4 ways
-vectors 🦟
-air 🌬
- contact 🤝
- food 🥘
- water 💦
Exchange of bodily fluids (😘 or 🤧or 🤤or🤮or 💉🩸)
What is a vector?
An organism that carries a pathogen between other organisms. many insects are vectors of diseases
- mosquitoes 🦟
How to control the spread of pathogens 🦠
Cough cough, to stop large proportion of the population from becoming ill
- hygiene - proper sanitation
- vaccination - injecting a person with sample of inactive pathogen
- isolation - keeping people with disease away from healthy people
- controlling vectors -reduces the amount of people coming into contact with them
- barrier contraption….. Yh i don’t need to explain 😂
Bacterial disease can be treated with
Antibiotics
Example of bacterial diseases are
- salmonella
- gonorrhoea
- TB
- Tetanus
- Chlamydia
- Cholera
- Heliobacter
An organism infected by a virus is called the
Host
Viruses live and ………….. inside the cells they infect. This can cause cell………
Viruses live and replicate inside the cells they infect . This can cause all damage
Name 3 examples of a virus
Not coronavirus
Measles
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ➡️ AIDS
TMV ( tobacco mosaic virus)
Fungal diseases
Do you know anything- flip to knowww moooorrrreee
Some fungi can produce harmful toxins.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms That can be unicellular and/or multicellular.
Examples of fungal infections
Chalara ash dieback (fungal tree disease often fatal) #team treeeeeeesssssssssss 🌳🌳🌲🌲🌴
Know any key features of protist disease?
Yes - What are they .
No- On no - flip the card…..
They are a diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms that don’t fit into any other category of eukaryote
They’re varied and don’t share common features
Algae , amoebas and mould are examples
Some are parasites. Example is malaria 🦟
Name the three main lines of defence.
Non-specific physical and chemical defences
Non-specific defences within the body
Pathogen specific defences within the body
What does the first line defence in your body do?
The first line defence is your body’s natural barrier to infection. They are not specific to the infecting pathogen
Eg tears stop stuff getting in your eyeballs 👁 💦
What is the second line of your bodies defence?
The bodies defence is a specialised are specific to a certain pathogen i.e. your blood contain special white blood cells called macrophages which are attracted to the infection
What is a vaccination?
A vaccination is when a small amount of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen is injected into the body.
It stimulates white blood cells and the antibodies are able to correct faster
What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are powerful medicine is used to treat diseases caused by bacteria. They can also prevent bacteria from growing and reproducing inside the body 💊🧫
Can antibiotics be used to treat viruses?
Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell processes in the bacteria but not the host organism. Antibiotics are unable to reach the virus inside the cell it has impacted in order to kill. Therefore antibiotics Are not used to treat viruses
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Left dish ou with staphylococcus ➡️When he returned a mould growing on the dish but the mould head kills the bacteria➡️ nobody realised penicillin had its full potential until Howard Florey & Ernest chain got funds to test it
What is antiseptic and how is it used?
Antiseptic contain chemicals to kill bacteria outside the body.
It is used for cleaning and washing hands and preventing bacteria from entering the body.
What do antiviral drugs do?
Each anti-viral drug targets are specific virus replicating
They work by stopping the virus reproducing and replicating.
What is the toxicity?
If the drug has unwanted side effects
