Atomic Structure and bonding (chemistry) Flashcards
What is an electrostatic force?
It is a force of attraction between two opposite charges (+ & -)
Why do atoms bond?
– Atoms want a full outer shell
– If they don’t have a full outer shell they will bond with other atoms to form an outer shell
-this makes the item stable
What is a compound?
Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
What are the types of bonding?
~ionic
~covalent
~metallic
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is from the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal.
Forming positive metal ions and the negative metal ion.
What is covalent bonding?
Bonding between nonmetals.
To nonmetals share a pair of electrons.
What is metallic bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons. Formed by metal atoms losing electrons to form metal ions..
What is an ion?
An atom or molecule that has lost or gained 1+ electrons
Metals want to …………… electrons to gain a full outer shell
Metals want to get rid of electrons to gain a full outer shell
Non-metals want to … …………… to gain a full outer shell.
Nonmetals want to gain electrons to get a full outer shell
On the periodic table the group number shows how many…………
In the periodic table the group number shows how many electrons in the outer shell of the element
What does the period number show?
How many shells an atom has
What is a molecule?
Two more elements joined together, many elements exist as molecules
Covalent bonding (flip to see morrrree)
When nonmetals react together they need to gain electrons to feel that outer shell and become stable. They can only do this if they share electrons. The atoms share electrons so there is a strong force that joins atoms together, this is covalent bond.
Name some key features of giant ionic structures:
- High melting point
- high boiling point
- strong ionic bonds
What are polymers?
What is polymerisation?
Polymers are large molecules made when many small molecules joined together. The small molecules are called monomers. Polymerisations is making a polymer for many monomers
Name some natural polymers:
Silk, DNA, starch, protein, rubber,
Give an example of a synthetic polymers
Nylon, polystyrene, polyester, polyethylene
Multiple polymer molecules are held together by ……………………… forces.
Multiple polymer molecules are held together by intermolecular forces
What is an allotrope ?
An allotrope is a different physical form of an element.
For example to carbon allotropes are graphite and diamond
Giant covalent structure (flip to know mmmmoooorrrrreeee)
Giant covalent structures how many atoms covalently bonded together.
There is a layer of carbon atoms then intermolecular forces then another layer of carbon atoms. This means carbon is soft as they can slide over each other.
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
delocalised electrons in graphite means there’s an electron that can move. This is why carbon can conduct electricity
Why is graphite soft
Graphite is soft as it atoms are arranged in layers of meaning they can slide over each other.
What is graphene?
Why is it useful?
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, it has a single layer of atoms and is incredibly strong. It can absorb 10x the amount of steel and is the future of nanoscience.
How is density calculated?
Density (kg/m^2) = mass(kg) / volume (m^3)
Conservation of masssssss…..
Particles can’t be created or destroyed only rearranged
What is internal energy?
The energy in the system stored by its particles. The total energy that the particles in the system have is equal to the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy stores this is called internal energy
