Atomic Structure and bonding (chemistry)

Question 1

What is an electrostatic force?

Answer 1

It is a force of attraction between two opposite charges (+ & -)

Question 2

Why do atoms bond?

Answer 2

– Atoms want a full outer shell
– If they don’t have a full outer shell they will bond with other atoms to form an outer shell
-this makes the item stable

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together

Question 4

What are the types of bonding?

Answer 4

~ionic
~covalent
~metallic

Question 5

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 5

Ionic bonding is from the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal.

Forming positive metal ions and the negative metal ion.

Question 6

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 6

Bonding between nonmetals.

To nonmetals share a pair of electrons.

Question 7

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 7

Electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons. Formed by metal atoms losing electrons to form metal ions..

Question 8

What is an ion?

Answer 8

An atom or molecule that has lost or gained 1+ electrons

Question 9

Metals want to …………… electrons to gain a full outer shell

Answer 9

Metals want to get rid of electrons to gain a full outer shell

Question 10

Non-metals want to … …………… to gain a full outer shell.

Answer 10

Nonmetals want to gain electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 11

On the periodic table the group number shows how many…………

Answer 11

In the periodic table the group number shows how many electrons in the outer shell of the element

Question 12

What does the period number show?

Answer 12

How many shells an atom has

Question 13

What is a molecule?

Answer 13

Two more elements joined together, many elements exist as molecules

Question 14

Covalent bonding (flip to see morrrree)

Answer 14

When nonmetals react together they need to gain electrons to feel that outer shell and become stable. They can only do this if they share electrons. The atoms share electrons so there is a strong force that joins atoms together, this is covalent bond.

Question 15

Name some key features of giant ionic structures:

Answer 15

• High melting point
• high boiling point
• strong ionic bonds

Question 16

What are polymers?

What is polymerisation?

Answer 16

Polymers are large molecules made when many small molecules joined together. The small molecules are called monomers. Polymerisations is making a polymer for many monomers

Question 17

Name some natural polymers:

Answer 17

Silk, DNA, starch, protein, rubber,

Question 18

Give an example of a synthetic polymers

Answer 18

Nylon, polystyrene, polyester, polyethylene

Question 19

Multiple polymer molecules are held together by ……………………… forces.

Answer 19

Multiple polymer molecules are held together by intermolecular forces

Question 20

What is an allotrope ?

Answer 20

An allotrope is a different physical form of an element.

For example to carbon allotropes are graphite and diamond

Question 21

Giant covalent structure (flip to know mmmmoooorrrrreeee)

Answer 21

Giant covalent structures how many atoms covalently bonded together.
There is a layer of carbon atoms then intermolecular forces then another layer of carbon atoms. This means carbon is soft as they can slide over each other.

Question 22

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 22

delocalised electrons in graphite means there’s an electron that can move. This is why carbon can conduct electricity

Question 23

Why is graphite soft

Answer 23

Graphite is soft as it atoms are arranged in layers of meaning they can slide over each other.

Question 24

What is graphene?

Why is it useful?

Answer 24

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, it has a single layer of atoms and is incredibly strong. It can absorb 10x the amount of steel and is the future of nanoscience.

Question 25

How is density calculated?

Answer 25

Density (kg/m^2) = mass(kg) / volume (m^3)

Question 26

Conservation of masssssss…..

Answer 26

Particles can’t be created or destroyed only rearranged

Question 27

What is internal energy?

Answer 27

The energy in the system stored by its particles. The total energy that the particles in the system have is equal to the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy stores this is called internal energy