Infection and Response Flashcards
How are pathogens spread?
- Through direct contact.
- Through water or air.
- Through vectors (organisms that carry and pass the pathogen on without being infected themselves e.g mosquitos)
Why are viruses so damaging?
the viruses use host cells to replicate itself until the host cell bursts
Why do bacteria cause disease?
they release toxins that damages tissues
Give three statements about measles.
- Symptoms include red skin rash and fever.
- It is spread by breathing in droplets from sneezes and coughs.
- Measles can be fatal if complications occur and therefore many children are vaccinated against it.
Give 4 statements about HIV
- Spread by sexual contact/exchange of body fluids such as using the same needle for drugs.
- Causes a flu-like illness.
- After a while of not being treated, the virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks the body’s immune cells.
- Late stage HIV means that the body’s cells cannot fight infections or cancers.
Give four statements about gonnoreah.
- Spread by sexual contact.
- Symptoms are a thick, yellor or green discharge from the penis or vagina as well as pain when urinating.
- Used to be treated with pennicilin, but resistant strands have become more frequent.
- Stopped by barrier forms of contraception such as condoms.
How is malaria spread?
Malaria is a protist that is transferred by a vector (a moquito) and is caused when the mosquito bits the person.
What does malaria do?
Cause severe fever, which reocurrs.
Can be fatal.
How is Rose Black Spot spread?
Rose black spot is spread by spores being carried from plant to plant by wind or water.
What does Rose Black spot cause?
Causes black or purple spots on leaves - causing them to turn yellow and drop early.
This causes a reduced rate of photosynthesis; stunting plant development and growth.
