Cell Biology

Question 1

How are muscle cells adapted to suit its function?

Answer 1

• muscle fibres to shorten as the cell contracts
• many mitochondria to release energy

Question 2

How are root hair cells specialised

Answer 2

• long projections that increase surface area
• have no chloroplast
• thin cell walls for faster diffusion and active transport

Question 3

4 points

How is the nerve cell adapted

Answer 3

• it has a long axon to carry impulses from one end to the other
• myelin to insulate the axon and speed up transmission of impulses
• synapses at the end to act as a junction
• dendrites to increase the surface area

Question 4

How is the sperm cell adapted for its function?

Answer 4

• it has half the genetic information
• many mitochondria
• stream-lined
• tail for swimming
• acrosome at the tip of the head that releases digestive enzymes

Question 5

How is the villi adapted for its function

Answer 5

• they are only 1 cell thick to decrease the time it takes for nutrients to be diffused
• have a good supply of capillaries to maintain concentration gradient

Question 6

How is the xylem specialised

Answer 6

• thick walls with lignin to offer support to the plant
• made up of connecting dead cells
• broken end wall

Question 7

What is cell specialisation?

Answer 7

The process by which a cell becomes specialised to perform specific functions within an organism

Question 8

What is the function of the xylem

Answer 8

to transport water and mineral salts up the stem and into the leaves

Question 9

What is the job of the sperm cell?

Answer 9

To fertilise the ovum

Question 10

What is the main function of muscle cells

Answer 10

to contract in order to produce movement of the body parts

Question 11

What is the role of root hair cells

Answer 11

to absorb minerals and water from the soil

Question 12

what are the two types of cells that make up the phloem and what are their roles

Answer 12

phloem vessel cell - no nucleus and limited cytoplasm, sieve plates at the end walls. Allow dissolved sugars to move through cell interior

Companion cell - combined with vessel cell. provides energy to vessel cells with mitochondria

Question 13

what is the equation for calculating binary fission

Answer 13

2^(time passed/mean division time)

Question 14

what is the function of the nerve cell?

Answer 14

to send electrical impulses throughout the body

Question 15

what is the role of the phloem

Answer 15

to carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant