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Biology GCSE AQA > Infection And Response > Flashcards

Infection And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens

A

Pathogens are microorganisms

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2
Q

What do microorganisms (pathogens) cause 

A

They cause infections diseases.

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3
Q

What can pathogens be

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Protests
Fungi

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4
Q

Pathogens can infect? And how can they be spread?

A

Plant or animals and can be spread by direct contact by water or by air

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5
Q

Do bacterias and viruses reproduce slowly or rapidly in the body

A

They reproduce rapidly inside the body

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6
Q

What does bacteria produce

A

Poisons toxins

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7
Q

What do the poisons toxins do (bacteria)

A

Damage tissues and make animals feel ill

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8
Q

Viruses live and reproduce inside cell this causes?

A

Cell damage

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of measles

A

Fever and a red skin rash

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10
Q

What are measles

A

They are a viral disease

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11
Q

What does HIV cause

A

A flu-like illness where the virus attacks the immune cells

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12
Q

How can you control HIV

A

Antiretroviral 

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13
Q

What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

A

It is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes

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14
Q

What is Salmonella

A

Salmonella is a food poisoning that is spread by bacteria ingested in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

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15
Q

What is gonorrhea (STD)

A

Gonorrhea is a sexually-transmitted disease with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating.

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16
Q

What is gonorrhea caused by

A

It is caused by a bacterium

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17
Q

How can you treat gonorrhea

A

Gonorrhea can be easily treated with antibiotic penicillin then until many resistant strains appeared

Now the spread can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier (eg. Condom)

18
Q

How can gonorrhea be spread

A

Gonorrhea is spread by sexual contact

19
Q

What is rose black spot

A

Rose black spot is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early

20
Q

How does Rose black Spot affect plants

A

It affects the growth of plants as photosynthesis is reduced

21
Q

Name three viral diseases

A

Measles
HIV
TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)

22
Q

Name 2 bacterial diseases

A

Gonorrhea and salmonella

23
Q

Name a fungal disease

A

Rose black spot 

24
Q

Name a protist disease

A

Malaria

25
Q

The pathogens that cause malaria are called

A

Protists

26
Q

The malaria protests have a cycle that includes?

A

Mosquitoes

27
Q

What does malaria cause

A

It causes fever

28
Q

How can you avoid the spread of malaria

A

Preventing the vectors, mosquitoes from breeding and using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten

29
Q

Name the symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
cramps
vomiting
diarrhea

30
Q

Name five defense systems of the human body against pathogens 

A

Skin (Acts as a barrier to pathogens)
nose (Contains hairs and mucus to trap particles that could contain pathogens)
bronchi and Trachea (mucus to trap pathogens)
stomach (Contains hydrochloric acid)

31
Q

How is HIV spread

A

HIV is spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood which occurs when drug users share needles

32
Q

Explain how the spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented

A

Being hygienic (eg. Washing your hands)
destroying vectors (Insects can be killed using insecticides or destroying their habitat)
isolating infected individuals (Prevents being passed on to anyone else)
vaccinations (Can’t develop infections to pass on (Communicable diseases))

33
Q

What is the role of the immune system and the defense against diseases

A

Consuming them
producing antibodies
producing anti-toxins

34
Q

If a pathogen enters the body what does the immune system do

A

The immune system tries to destroy pathogens

35
Q

What is phagocytosis 

A

It is when white blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them

36
Q

what do vaccinations involve

A

They involve introducing small quantities of dead or in active forms of pathogens to the body to simulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies

37
Q

How do vaccinations help prevent the spread of pathogens

A

If the same path of pathogens re-enters the body the white blood cells responds quickly to produce the correct antibodies preventing infections

38
Q

Painkillers and other medicines are used to treat symptoms of

A

Diseases but do not kill pathogens (Viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi)

39
Q

What do drugs that kill viruses damage

A

Body tissues (It is difficult to develop drugs that to viruses without also damaging the body tissues)

40
Q

New medical drugs have to be tested and chills before being used why?

A

To check that they are safe and effective 

41
Q

New drugs are extensively tested for what

A

toxicity
efficiency
dose

Biology GCSE AQA (8 decks)

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