Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Infection and Response > Flashcards

Infection and Response Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the harmful chemicals that bacteria release?

A

Toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They cannot reproduce themselves so they reproduce inside a host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are pathogens spread?

A

In water, in the air, direct contact (sex/sharing the same needle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you reduce the spread of pathogens?

A

Taking care of basic hygiene, drink clean water, reduce direct contact (condoms during sexual intercourse), vaccinations, isolating patients with highly communicable diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An example of a viral disease:

A

Measles or HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An example of a bacterial disease:

A

Salmonella or STD eg gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An example of a protist disease:

A

Malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the job of the non specific defence systems?

A

Prevents pathogens from entering the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 4 non specific defence systems in the body..

A

Skin, nose, lungs, stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the skin protect the body from pathogens?

A

Forms a protective layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the nose protect the body from pathogens?

A

Contains hair and mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the lungs protect the body from pathogens?

A

Bronchi and Trachea is covered in cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the stomach protect the body from pathogens?

A

Contains hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the immune system protect us from disease and infection?

A

Destroys pathogens and toxins, and protects us if the same type of pathogen was to invade again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does white blood cells destroy pathogens?

A

Phagocytosis, making antibodies, producing antitoxins

17
Q

What are anti-bodies?

A

Protein molecules produced by white blood cells

18
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

The process by which white blood cells ingest and destroy pathogens with enzymes

19
Q

Name two diseases that effect plants

A

Tobacco-Mosaic Virus and Rose Black Spot

20
Q

How does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus infect the plant?

A

Causes discolouring in the leaves in a mosaic pattern

21
Q

How does the Rose Black Spot Fungus infect the plant?

A

Causes the leaves to develop black and purple spots, which eventually turn yellow and fall off

22
Q

How can we treat Rose Black Spot?

A

Spraying the plant with fungicides or removing the infected leaves and destroying them

23
Q

What things do you look for when diagnosing a plant?

A

discolouration, spots, deformation, stunted growth, decay/rot, growths

24
Q

What ions can plants be deficient in?

A

Nitrate and magnesium

25
Q

What are the three plant defence responses?

A

Chemical, Mechanical, Physical

26
Q

Name two physical plant defences

A

Cellulose cell wall, waxy cuticle layer, bark on trees

27
Q

Name two chemical plant defence responses

A

Antibacterial chemicals, poisons

28
Q

Name two mechanical plant defence responses

A

Hairs, sharp thorns, mimickery, leaves that curl

29
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

When a group of people are vaccinated so unvaccinated people are less likely to be attacked by the pathogen

30
Q

What is the role of an antibiotic?

A

Kill infective bacteria

31
Q

Where is an antibiotic produced?

A

In white blood cells called lymphocytes

32
Q

What is the term used for something that is detected as foreign in the body?

A

Antigen

33
Q

Examples of when monoclonal antibodies are used

A

Pregnancy test kits, measuring hormone levels, detecting specific pathogens, locating molecules in tissue/cells, treating diseases

34
Q

What is the issue with the use of monoclonal antibodies?

A

It produces harmful side effects

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions