Infection

Question 0

Infection occurring in large groups known as

Answer 0

Epidemic

Question 1

What is an infection

Answer 1

A pathogen causing a state of disease

Question 2

Infection occurring worldwide known as

Answer 2

Pandemic

Question 3

Infection restricted to an area

Answer 3

Endemic

Question 4

Place in which pathogen exists, reproduces and spreads to new hosts

Answer 4

Reservoir

Question 5

Organism harbours disease no symptoms

Answer 5

Carrier

Question 6

Intermediate carrier, transports pathogens from reservoir to host

Answer 6

Vector

Question 7

Infected person/animal

Answer 7

Host

Question 8

Capacity of microbes to cause/generate disease

Answer 8

Pathogenicity

Question 9

Degree of pathogenicity of a specific microbe

Answer 9

Virulence

Question 10

5 ways infection can be transmitted

Answer 10

Droplet transmission - air
Direct contact - faeces
Indirect contact - food
Vectors - carried by animal/insect
Nosocomial - via hospital/care facility

Question 11

5 ways an infection may be acquired

Answer 11

Ingestion - microbes/faeces, lava, eggs
Direct to blood stream - injection, open wounds, bites
Sexual intercourse
Inhalation
Touch

Question 12

Infection development

Define incubation period

Answer 12

Interval between initial exposure to infecting organism and first symptom

Question 13

Infection development

Define prodromal period

Answer 13

Initial period before specific acute symptoms occur. Disease begun not yet clinically manifested.

Question 14

Infection development

What is acute period

Answer 14

Sudden, rapid onset, severe - usually only for a few days

Question 15

What is recovery/convalescent period

Answer 15

When recovering from illness

Debility

Question 16

What is chronic infection

Answer 16

Infection with insidious/slow onset
IndefinTe or long duration
Progressive manifestations

Question 17

6 examples host resistance

Answer 17

Intact skin/mucous membranes 
Body sections - stomach acid, tears
Phagocytosis
Interferon production
Inflammatory response
Immune system

Question 18

6 ex microbial virulance

Answer 18

Invasive/destructive enzymes
Endo/exo toxins
Spore formation
Colony formation
Bacterial capsule/pili
Ability to mutate - MRSA, HIV

Question 19

5 ways to inhibit spread of infection

Answer 19

Reduce reservoir
Stop droplet transmission - cover mouth
Block method of fans titian - condom, gloves
Kill organism
Sterilisation

Question 20

3 ways and result of sterilisation

Answer 20

All micro organisms and spores destroyed
Hot air - 30min at 180c
Autoclaving - steam - 20m at 120c
Bleach

Question 21

Effect of disinfectants

Answer 21

Destroy pathogenic microbes but usually not spores

Question 22

Effect of antiseptics

Answer 22

Reduce number organisms on skin but not spores - eg alcohol

Question 23

Effect of pasteurisation

Answer 23

71.7c for 15-25 seconds

Will kill most pathogenic microbes but not spores

Question 24

Natural options for infection control - 4

Answer 24

Tea tree
Eucalyptus oil
Neem oil
Calendula

Question 25

What are notify able diseases

Answer 25

Diseases that are required by law to be reported to government authorities

Question 26

What is health protection agency

Answer 26

Independent body - protects from infectious diseases
Prevents harm when hazards involving chemicals, poisons, radiation occur
Also prepare for emerging threats - bio-terrorists/ new disease