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2.5 > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of endotoxins?

A

Endotoxins are complex molecules that attach and colonize host cells. They can induce clotting, bleeding, inflammation, hypotension, and fever.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of exotoxins?

A

Proteins released during the growth of a bacterial cell.

Uses enzymes to inactivate or modify host cells, leading to host cell death/dysfunction.

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3
Q

PPE & examples for contact transfer

A

Gloves
Gown

C-diff, MRSA, infected wound

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4
Q

PPE & examples for droplet transmission

A

Mask

Influenza (anything else w/ a cough)

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5
Q

PPE & examples for airborne transmission

A

N95 mask
Negative pressure room

MTV: measles, TB, varicella

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6
Q

What is the technique called that is used for medical asepsis?

A

Clean technique
Regular gloves

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7
Q

What is the technique called that is used for surgical asepsis? When to use it?

A

Sterile or Aseptic technique
Sterile gloves
(Use for Foley catheters and surgery)

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8
Q

List the stages of infection

A
  1. Incubation (active repl)
  2. Prodromal (vague symp)
  3. Acute (most symp, tissue damage)
  4. Convalescent (less symp, containment of pathogens)
  5. Resolution (total elimination of pathogens, back to baseline)
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9
Q

Which stage of infection can lead to a chronic infection?

A

Convalescent period

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10
Q

How do bacteria damage host cells?

A

By releasing endo or exotoxins.

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11
Q

Secondary infections

A

Follows an inital infection due to the initial treatment or changes in the body.

Bacterial pneumonia follows flu virus.
Vaginal yeast infection follows antibiotics for an initial infection.

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12
Q

What prevents fungal/yeast infections from taking hold in the body?

A

Our body’s normal flora contains them.

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13
Q

How are parasitic/protozoa infections transmitted?

A

By fecal-oral route

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14
Q

Order of infection chain

A

Pathogen
Resevoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

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15
Q

What is colonization of a pathogen?

A

Establishing a presence. Not infected yet. Can be a carrier

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16
Q

What are the four modes of transmission?

A

Penetration
Direct contact (STI & mother-baby)
Ingestion
Inhalation

17
Q

How does transmission through direct contact usually occur?

A

STIs.
Mother-baby thru the placenta or birth canal (vertical transmission).

18
Q

Endogenous vs exogenous source of infection

A

Endo= normal body flora
Exo= outside the body

19
Q

Signs vs symptoms

A

Signs - what you see
Symptoms- what the patient tells you

20
Q

5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

A

Before & after touching patient.
Before clean/aseptic procedure.
After body fluid risk.
After touching patient surroundings (leaving the room).

21
Q

What cells preform phagocytosis in the final stage of the cellular immune response?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes

22
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

HAI

23
Q

Donning PPE order

A

Gown
Mask
Shield/goggles
Gloves

24
Q

Doffing PPE order

A

Gloves 🧤
Gown
Shield/goggles
Mask

25
Q

Fomite

A

Any inanimate object that can carry an infection.
Ex stethoscope, doorknobs

26
Q

How can the vascular, renal, and nervous systems compensate for infection?

A

Hypotension- from vasodilation
Decreased urine
Tachycardia & high contractility
Peripheral edema- from high vasc. permeability
Shunting of blood to brain, heart, lungs-during sepsis, wk pulses, cold hands, other organs shut down.

27
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle aches

28
Q

2 secondary screenings for infection

A

STIs
Genetics
What everyone gets.

29
Q

Why is protein good for infections?

A

Helps stop unnecessary vascular permeability, helps it heal

30
Q

What infection is anti-mycobacterials used for?

A

TB

31
Q

Isolation techniques break which part of the chain of infection?

A

Mode of transmission

2.5 (5 decks)

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