Infection Flashcards
Airborne infection agents
rubeola, rubella, polio, TB, diphtheria, hantavirus, smallpox
Fecal infection agents
oral ingestion: hep A, E,
Direct Contact infection agents
impetigo, scabies, lice, smallpox
Sexual contact infection agents
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, hep B, C, D, HIV, HSV
Direct inoculation
syphilis, hep A, B, C , D, HIV
Insect of animal bit infection agent
malaria, rabies, lyme disease, bubonic plague
What are the ten elements of surveillance
Epidemic reporting, surveys, individual case investigation, mortality, morbidity, epidemic field investigation, utilization of biological agents and rugs, lab reporting, distribution of animal reservoirs, vectors, demographic environmental data
Epidemiological triad
external agent, susceptible host, and evironment
What are the four types of causal relationships
Necessary and sufficient; necessary but not sufficient; sufficient but not necessary; neither sufficient nor necessary
Necessary and sufficient
A factor (vector/environment) always leads to a disease
Necessary but not sufficient
More than one factor is required (sequential sequence) but may not lead to disease
Sufficient but not necessary
Specific factor causes a disease process, but other factors can also cause the same disease
Neither sufficient nor necessary
Specific factor + other factors to produce disease. However, the disease my be produced even in the absence of the factor
Risk factor
Condition that may adversely affect an individuals health
Absolute risk
Incidence of a disease in a population
relative risk
a ration of the risk of disease in exposed individuals to the risk of disease in non-exposed individuals
Odds Ratio
the ratio of the odds of development of disease in a non-exposed person
Attributable risk
How much of the risk (incidence) of the disease we hope to prevent if able to eliminate exposure to the agent in question
Incidence Rate
Number of new cases of a disease that occurs during a specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease
