Infection Flashcards
what are symptoms of vaginitis?
- discharge
- foul odor
- irritation
- itching
- dyspareunia (pain intercourse)
what are the 2 kinds of vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis
vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast)
viral infection r/t change in vaginal flora, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and rise in pH (>4.5)
bacterial vaginosis
is bacterial vaginosis a STI?
no
s/sx of bacterial vaginosis
- vaginal discharge
- foul odor
- presence of “clue cells”
what is the med treatment of bacterial vaginosis
- flagyl (risky during pregnancy)
- clindamycin
what are pregnancy concerns with bacterial vaginosis
- can be related to lack of vit. D, inc. fat, folate, vit. A, and calcium
- its associated with preterm labor and birth
what is candidiasis (vag)
yeast/fungal infection
s/sx of vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast)
- itch
- red rash
- “cheese” like discharge
med treatment of vulvovag candidiasis (yeast)
- diflucan (PO)
- topical antifungal (nystatin)
pregnancy concerns of vulvovag candidiasis (yeast)
- may cause newborn thrush
- treat only topically in preg
s/sx of trichomonas (STI)
- asymptomatic
- frothy discharge
- foul odor
- itch
- “strawberry spots” on cervix
tx of trichomonas
- flagyl
- abstinence until both are cured
s/sx of chlamydia
- asymp in female
- itch/burn
- discharge
- dull pain
- bleeding between periods
- cervical inflammation
how to diagnose chlamydia
culture
which part is commonly infected in chlamydia
cervix
what can chlamydia cause?
pelvic inflamm. disease (PID)
infertility
med tx of chlamydia?
- azithromycin
- doxycycline
- abstinence until cured
preganancy concerns of chlamydia?
- newborn infection
- greater risk for tubal pregnancy (ectopic)
s/sx of gonorrhea?
- asymp. until further complications
- purulent drainage
- urinary frequency
- swelling
- pelvic pain
- eroded cervix
dx. of gonorrhea
culture
med tx. of gonorrhea?
- ceftriaxin
- azithromycin
- abstinence
preg concerns of gonorrhea
newborn infection (erythromycin)
which STI is a recurring lifelong infection?
herpes genitalis
s/sx of herpes genitalis
- vescicles may be present in the vag/peri area
- pain
- infmallation
- flu like symptoms
when is herpes genitalis most severe
first outbreak
what can herpes reoccurences come from?
- stress
- menstrual
- immune compromise
med tx. of herpes genitalis
acyclovir (safe for preg!)
preg concerns for herpes genitalis
baby infected
what happens if someone about to give birth has active herpes genitalis
c/s!!!
where does herpes genitalis reside?
nerve ganglia
what problems can herpes cause in a newborn?
- neonatal death
- neuro probs
- blindness
what are primary symptoms of syphilis?
- fever
- weight loss
- malaise
secondary symptoms of syphilis
- skin condylomata lata (plaque like)
- arthritis
- inflammation of liver and spleen
- hoarseness
- rash
what life altering symptoms can syphilis cause?
- blindness
- psychological probs
- death
how is syphilis acquired?
- sexual contact
- contact with exudate
- transplacentally
med tx of syphilis
- benzathine
- penicillin G
s/sx of human papilloma virus (HPV)/Condylomata
- asymptomatic
- genital warts
- cervical dysplasia (changes in cells)
what is HPV connected to?
cervical cancer
casues of HPV
60 genotypes r/t HPV
how is HPV transmitted
sexual contact
treatment of HPV
- podophyllin (teratogenic)
- surgical removal
vaccines for HPV
- gardasil (strands 6,11,16,18)
- cervarix
who is gardasil given to, when, and why
9-26 year olds
HPV
boys/girls
what is cervavix for and what is important to remember?
HPV, not effective against all strands
what is a lethal, lifelong virus caused by HIV
AIDS
what are common HIV transmission methods
- sex
- needles
- fetus
- blood
s/sx of HIV/AIDS
wasting syndrome
candidiasis
HSV (herpes)
what is screening for HIV/AIDS
ELISA test
tx for HIV/AIDS
antiretroviral therapy
pregnancy implications of HIV/AIDS
- elective c/s BEFORE ROM
- avoid breastfeeding
- newborn antiviral therapy
what is the prognosis of newborn/childhood HIV
poor
immunosuppression, failure to thrive, neuro probs
prevention of HIV/AIDS
- sex ed, condom use, abstinence
- clean needle use
- test blood products
- treatment of newborn HIV+ mothers
when is a perinatal infection most harmful
first trimester
what can perinatal infections cause later in pregnancy?
- growth restriction
- hydrops
- neuro probs
what are viral and parasitic perintal agents?
- toxoplasmosis
- rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- GBS
- parovirus B19
what is the acronym for perinatal infections
TORCH
TORCH meaning
(perinatal infections)
- toxoplasmosis
- other infections (GBS/parovirus B19)
- rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes simplex
transmission of toxoplasmosis
- ingested undercooked meat
- contact with infected cat litter
how can toxoplasmosis affect developing fetus
- spontaneous abortion/death (1st trimester)
- convusions/coma
- microcephaly/hydrocephalus (fluid)
- growth restriction
tx of toxoplasmosis
spiramycin
transmission of rubella
maternal/fetal
what defects is baby at risk for in 1st trimester with rubella?
- cataracts
- deafness
- heart defects
- mental retardation
- cerebral palsy
tx/prevention of rubella
MMR vaccine
trabsmission of cytomegalovirus
may cross placenta or through exposure during delivery
what is the most common intrauterine infection
cytomegalovirus
fetal/newborn complciations of cytomegalovirus
- death
- mental retardation
- hearing problems
- microcephalt/hydrocephaly
- hemolysis
treatment of cytomegalovirus
none :/
what infection is bacteria found as part of the normal flora in some women?
group b strep (GBS)
transmission of GBS
delivery (if not treated)
tx of GBS
- PCN or ampicillin during labor
- if unable to treat, neonate will be treated
maternal concerns of GBS
infection (chorioamnionitis, endometritis)
newborn concerns of GBS
- infection
- still birth/death
what infection causes fifth disease in children?
parovirus B19
which infection is associated with red rash or “slapped cheek” rash
parovirus B19
maternal/newborn concerns of parovirus B19
- spontaneous abortion / stillbirth / neonate death
- fetal anemia
- hydrops (fluid)
