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OB > Healthy Pregnancy (1) > Flashcards

Healthy Pregnancy (1) Flashcards

1
Q

The union of sperm from male and egg from female

A

Conception

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2
Q

What is the length of a term pregnancy

A

40 weeks

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3
Q

What is the length of the preembryonic stage

A

From fertilization - 14 days

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4
Q

What is when the egg attaches to the uterine lining

A

Implantation

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5
Q

When is the yolk sac developed by

A

Day 8 or 9

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6
Q

When does the embryonic development happen in pregnancy

A

Day 15-8 weeks

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7
Q

On what day does cardiac structure begin to beat

A

23

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8
Q

On what day does the cardiac structure mature (develop chambers)

A

49

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9
Q

Between weeks — and —, arm and leg buds are developed and the brain is differentiated

A

4 and 5

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10
Q

When are fetuses most vulnerable from teratogens

A

Weeks 2-8

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11
Q

When does fetal development take place

A

9 weeks-birth

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12
Q

When are all organs and structures present

A

9 weeks

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13
Q

When are genitals differentiated, produces urine, reflex and brain development

A

12 weeks

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14
Q

When does greater muscle and skeletal development occur

A

14 weeks

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15
Q

When do nails and lanugo develop

A

20 weeks

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16
Q

What is lanugo

A

Thin hair (peach fuzz)

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17
Q

At what week is the baby covered in vernix, opens and closes eyes, has immature lungs that allow some gas exchange, and a maturing neuro system

A

25 weeks

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18
Q

In what trimester do lungs become more mature, systems continue to develop, and fat is stored?

A

Third

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19
Q

What is amniotic fluid

A

Baby’s urine

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20
Q

What keeps the fetus warm, protects umbilical cord and vessels, and keeps the fetus warm (thermoregulation)

A

Amniotic fluid

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21
Q

what is the structure of the umbilical cord?

A

AVA (artery vein artery), covered in warten’s jelly

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22
Q

what is a clear white structure that protects vessels from compression

A

umbilical cord

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23
Q

what organ grows on the uterine wall and has fetal/maternal blood (does not mix)

A

placenta

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24
Q

what is the purpose of the placenta

A

fetal blood removes waste and collects nutrients from the mother’s blood

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25
Q

what is the function of the placenta

A

allows the fetus to get oxygena nd remove waste

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26
Q

describe anatomy of the palcenta

A

baby side: “shiny sholtz” vascular
uterus side: “dirty ducket” spongy

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27
Q

what are the uterine changes during pregnancy?

A

-increase in size
-increase in thickness
-braxton hicks contractions

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28
Q

what are braxton hicks contractions?

A

irregular and not real

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29
Q

what are the breast changes during pregnancy?

A

-size (inc.)
-tenderness (inc.)
-pigmentation (darken?)
-production of colostrum

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30
Q

cervix changes related to pregnancy

A

-increased vascularization leads to Goodell’s sign (softening of cervix) and Chadwicks’s sign (bluish coloring)

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31
Q

what is goodell’s sign?

A

-softening of cervix

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32
Q

what is chadwicks sign

A

bluish coloring to cervix

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33
Q

what are vagina changes r/t pregnancy

A

-increased acidic secretion
-loosening of connective tissue

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34
Q

during pregnancy, does cardiac output increase or decrease? and when does it peak or trough?

A

increases
-peaks by 30 weeks

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35
Q

during pregnancy, pulse ____ and BP ______

A

-pulse increases
-BP slightly decreases, but returns to normal by term

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36
Q

during pregnancy, blood volume increases by __ - __%, and plasma volume increases ___%

A

40-45
50

37
Q

why does blood and plasma volume increase during pregnancy?

A

it is compensating and preparing to lose some during labor and delivery

38
Q

what is vena caval syndrome?

A

the pregnancy places pressure on the vena cava when laying supine

39
Q

what complications does vena caval syndrome lead to?

A

-decreased blood flow to heart (maternal)
-hypotension (maternal)

40
Q

what are GI changes related to pregnancy?

A

-n/v
-pyrosis (heartburn)
-ptyalism (salivation)
changes in gum tissue (gingivitis, bleeding)
-bloat/constipation
-risk for gallstones

41
Q

urinary changes r/t pregnancy?

A

pressure causes frequency in first and third trimesters

42
Q

what are integumentary changes r/t pregnancy

A

-linea nigra (line vertical above and below umbilicus)
-chloasma (darkened area under eyes/forehead)
-striae (dec. conn. tissue strength r/t inc. adrenal steroid level)
-vascualr spider nevi (inc. blood supply r/t estrogen)

43
Q

musculoskeletal changes r/t pregnancy (joints, posture, etc.)

A

-joints relax
-posture changes (more arched)
-center of gravity changes
-diastasis recti (abdominal muscles separate)

44
Q

what is diastasis recti

A

when abdominal muscles separate

45
Q

what is the normal weight gain for normal weight women

A

25-35 pounds

46
Q

what is the weight gain for underweight women

A

28-40

47
Q

how much weight do overweight people gain during pregnancy

A

15-25

48
Q

duri g the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, caloric intake should increase by ____ kcal/day

A

300

49
Q

how much does BMR increase during pregnancy

A

20-25 percent

50
Q

which hormone is released by trophoblasts early in pregnancy, aka “pregnancy hormone”

A

hCG

51
Q

which hormone is an insulin antagonist, needs more glucose for development

A

human placental lactogen (hPL)

52
Q

which hormone stimulates uterine development and prepares breasts for nursing/lactation

A

estrogen

53
Q

which hormone maintains pregnancy, and developes LOBES of breast for lacation

A

progesterone

54
Q

what hormone inhibits uterine activity, decreases contraction, and softens the cervix for birth

A

relaxin

55
Q

which hormone has a big role in lactation / milk production

A

prolactin

56
Q

which hormone ahs a huge role in contractions (and milk letdown)

A

oxytocin

57
Q

what is the chemical version of oxytocin given to induce contractions/labor

A

pitocin

58
Q

what is neagele’s rule?

A

calculates est. due date.
-first day of LMP, subtract 3 months, add 7 days

pregnant woman LMP may 14
-May 14 ->febuary 14 -> febuary 21

59
Q

what kind of changes are presumptive of pregnancy?

A

-subjective
-tender breasts
-n/v
-tired

60
Q

what are probable changes indicating pregnancy?

A

-objective
-positive home pregnancy test

61
Q

what are positive changes indicating pregnancy

A
  • diagnostic
    -ultrasound (absolutely knowing)
62
Q

what is obstetric history

A

history of pregnancies

63
Q

what is antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum history?

A

-ante = during pregnancy, not labor
-intra = during labor
-post = after having baby

64
Q

what is gestation

A

a pregnancy

65
Q

how long is term

A

-40 weeks exactly
-between 38-42 weeks technically

66
Q

what is gravita?

A

number of times pregnant, current or past, living or not living

67
Q

what is nulligravida

A

never had pregnancy, none current

68
Q

what is primigravida

A

very first pregnancy, only 1 pregnancy

69
Q

what is multigravida

A

had multiple pregnancies

70
Q

what is preterm or premature labor

A

occuring before 38 weeks

71
Q

what is postterm labor

A

after 42 weeks

72
Q

what is a stillbirth and at what age does it classify as that

A

born dead after 20 weeks

73
Q

what is para

A

number of deliveries 20 weeks or after

74
Q

what is primipara

A

delivered 1 baby after 20 weeks

75
Q

what is nullipara

A

never delivered a baby

76
Q

what is multipara

A

birthed more than 1 baby after 20 weeks

77
Q

what does TPAL stand for

A

-term pregnancies (38w or greater)
-preterm (20w to 37w 6d)
-abortions (less than 20w)
-living

78
Q

what is a G/TPAL for a first pregnancy with twins?

A

G1
T1
P0
A0
L2

79
Q

what is nuchal translucency testing and when is it performed

A

-prenatal lab that includes ultrasound and serum testing
-done between 11-13 weeks pregnant
-shows potential genetic issues (down syndrome)

80
Q

what is quad screen testing and when is it performed

A

optional prenatal lab that shows poyential for neural tube defect, multiples, or genetic issues
-performed at 16 weeks

81
Q

what are the components of the quadruple screen prenatal lab/test

A

-AFP= alpha feta protein, look for neural tube defects
-hCG
-Inhibition A
-Estriol
(inhibition a and estriol test for potential genetic probs)

82
Q

what prenatal lab tests risk for gestational diabetes

A

1 hr glucose tolerance test

83
Q

when is a 1 hour glucose tolerance test done, and how is it done

A

-around 24-28 weeks
-give 50 gm glucose
-if gluc is above 130-140 mg/dl, a 3 hr GTT is indicated

84
Q

when is the GBS prenatal lab test done, what is it, and what do the results mean

A

-done @ 36 weeks
-its a vaginal/rectal swab
-if the test is positive, its treated in L&D with penicillin/ampicillin
-GBS can cause meningitis or septicemia in the neonate

85
Q

how is a fetal heartbeat assessed?

A

-transvaginal US
-external monitor
-doppler
-abd US

86
Q

what does an ultrasound measure, and when is an anatomy US done?

A

-measures growth
-anatomy US at 20 wks

87
Q

what is quickening, when does it occur, and when should there be concern

A

-fetal mvmt felt by mother
-happens around 20 wks
-should report decreased quickening to doctor

88
Q

what are rubin’s tasks of the mother

A

1) safe pregnancy and delivery
2) acceptance of the child
3) binding-in
4) giving of self

89
Q

what is couvade

A

father experiencing mornign sickness or other pregnancy symptoms

OB (15 decks)

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