Care / Assessment of Newborn (1) Flashcards
when are apgar scores given
1 minute and 5 minutes of life
what is tested in APGAR
HR, resp effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color
how do you measure baby length
heel to crown
head circumference is usually ____ larger than chest circumference
2 cm
what is the average baby weight at birth
7lb 8oz
what determines a baby as average for gestational age?
weight, length, head circumference
what is the percentile for small for gestational age?
smaller than the 10%
what is the percentile for large for gestational age?
larger than the 90%
what are the 2 meds given right after birth?
“eyes and thighs”
erythromycin eye ointment and vitamin k shot
why is erythromycin eye ointment given and describe how its given
given for gonorrhea and chlamydia (legal)
-administer on lower conjunctival surface
why is vitamin k given and describe the injection
- since the gut is sterile, it is not producing enough vitamin k
- injected into the vastus lateralis muscle
what does the babys skin look like after birth?
can have acrocyanosis, which is normal for a couple hours after birth
could be pale, pink, or jaundiced
what is erythema toxicum?
newborn rash (common)
what is milia
little bump things, goes away, dont pick
what are mongolian spots?
look like bruises, not bruises
what shape is the anterior fontanel
diamond shape
what shape is the posterior fontanel
triangle shaped
which fontanel is bigger, anterior or posterior?
- anterior
when does the anterior fontanel close?
18 mo.
when does the posterior fontanel close?
8-12 weeks
what does the nurse assess on fontanelles?
soft and level
what can a bulging fontanel mean?
increased ICP
what can a sunken fontanel mean?
dehydration
what is an asymetrical appearance of the head called?
molding
what causes molding (asymetry)
sutures overriding eachother during birth, head compressed, resolves itself
what is a soft edematous area on the scalp and what is it normally from
- caput
- long labor, vacuum extraction
what is a collection of blood between the surface of the cranial bone and the periosteal membrane
cephalhematoma
what is a concern of cephalhematoma?
hematoma breakdown will break down RBCs, and since the liver is immature, it causes a jaundice risk
what is the difference between caput and cephalhematoma?
caput crosses the suture lines (swelling)
what are doll’s eyes?
when head is turned, eyes go in opposite direction
when do tears develop?
couple months
what are epstein’s pearls (mouth)
hard white marks in mouth, disappear in few weeks
what is important to know about newborn neck?
inability to support head, assess for webbing (abnormality)
what is an abnormality in the chest
engorged breasts with white nipple discharge (hormone withdraw)
when can a baby have a tub bath?
when the cord falls off
what is smegma
white cheesy coating newborn girl genitalia
what movement is when baby’s legs are brought back and knees together
ortolani’s maneuver
what is when the feet turn in
club foot
what is jitteriness a sign of?
sign of low blood sugar
how should a cry sound
- strong, lusty, medium pitched
- not high pitched
what position should a baby sleep in?
back no blankets/animals
how/when should baby be burped
nursing= between breaths
bottle= every ounce or when slow
sit it upright and support neck/shoulders
