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Pharmacology Final Exam > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): class

A

Penicillin for infection

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2
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): other

A

penicillin G, nafcillin, Piperacillin

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3
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): Use

A

broad spectrum (G-) treatment of infection or as prophylaxis, some G+, soft tissue, respiratory, GI, GU

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4
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): EPA

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis which causes cell death

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5
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): ADR

A

hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, GI effects, long term: renal & hepatic impairment, thrombophlebitis with IV administration

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6
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): contraindications

A

allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin, use caution with severe renal impairment, usually safe in pregnancy

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7
Q

amoxicillin (Amoxil): RN intervention

A

monitor for GI symptoms, report if lots of diarrhea, monitor for candida infection, epinephrine for anaphylaxis, monitor BUN and serum creatinine

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8
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): class

A

cephalosporins

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9
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): other drugs KNOW THESE!

A

cefoxitin (2nd)
ceftazidime (3rd)
ceftriaxone (3rd)
cefepime (4th)

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10
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): Use

A

surgical prophylaxis, skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone/joints, GU, brain, blood infection

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11
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): EPA

A

inhibits bacterial wall synthesis

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12
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): RN interventions

A

monitor for GI symptoms, report if lots of diarrhea, monitor for candida infection, epinephrine for anaphylaxis, monitor BUN and serum creatinine

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13
Q

cefazolin (Ancef) and cephalexin (Keflex): contraindications

A

do not take with alcohol, may cause disulfiram- like reaction if combined: N/V, flushing, dizzy, throbbing headache, hangover sensation

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14
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): class

A

Monobactams

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15
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): use

A

urinary and lower respiratory tract infection, some abdominal and gynecologic infections, G- infections only, NO G+

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16
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): EPA

A

inhibits bacterial wall synthesis

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17
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): administration

A

IV or IM, sometimes inhalation for clients with cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): ADRs

A

pain, phlebitis, inflammation of IV site. Superinfection. Seizures. GI effects, hypersensitivity, renal/liver, clostridium difficile. Inhalation route: wheezing, nasopharyngeal pain, chest discomfort/bronchospasm

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19
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): contraindications

A

use caution with allergy to cephalosporin or penicillin, may not be safe during pregnancy

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20
Q

aztreonam (Azactam): RN interventions

A

monitor BUN/creatinine, monitor bowel function, incompatible with many other drugs, furosemide can increase blood levels

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21
Q

What causes Cdiff?

A

it is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, recent antibiotic use/hospital admission, normally flora destroyed

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Cdiff?

A

Mild-Moderate
- Watery diarrhea >3x/day
- Abdominal cramping/tenderness
Severe
- Watery diarrhea 10-15x/day
- Severe cramping
- Increased WBC
- Kidney Failure
- Dehydration

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23
Q

How should people wash hands with Cdiff?

A

soap and water only, no alcohol sanitizer, contact isolation

24
Q

gentamicin: class

A

aminoglycosides

25
Q

gentamicin: other

A

tobramycin, neomycin

26
Q

gentamicin: use

A

narrow spectrum antibiotic, treats G- infections such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When used in combo therapy, can tx G+.

27
Q

gentamicin: EPA

A

disrupts protein synthesis, thereby altering function/ replication

28
Q

gentamicin: ADR

A

Nephrotoxicity: polyuria, dilute urine, proteinuria, elevation BUN/ Creatinine
Ototoxicity: tinnitus, headache, ataxia, vertigo, GI effects

29
Q

gentamicin: contraindications

A
  • avoid: vancomycin, cephalosporin, penicillin, neuromuscular blockers
  • caution with hearing loss
  • Avoid with people who have tinnitus or vertigo
  • Avoid with renal disease
  • Avoid in pregnancy, risk for congenital deafness
30
Q

gentamicin: RN interventions

A

monitor BUN/CRE, serum levels, monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, hydrate before, drink plenty of fluids, call if developing symptoms^

31
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): class

A

Fluoroquinolones

32
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): other medications

A

ofloxacin, levofloxacin

33
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Use

A

wide range of infections, respiratory, GU, GI, bone, joint, soft tissue, treatment anthrax exposure, treatment against G- and G+

34
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): EPA

A

inhibits DNA synthesis, cell growth and replication

35
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): ADRs

A

CNS symptoms: dizzy, headache, confusion, seizures, increase ICP, suicidal ideation. GI effects, rupture of Achilles tendon, photosensitivity, hepatoxicity, renal damage, Cdiff

36
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): contraindication

A

caution with seizure disorder, depression, or renal impairment, caution in pregnancy, antiarrhythmic drug can increase QT interval, aluminum-calcium-iron-magnesium products decrease absorption, take 2 hours after

37
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro): RN Intervention

A

monitor CNS symptoms, monitor for Cdiff, report achilles tendon pain, protect from sun, drink 1500-2000mL fluids per day

38
Q

tetracycline: class

A

tetracyclines for infection

39
Q

tetracycline: other medications

A

doxycycline, “-cycline”

40
Q

tetracycline: Use

A

chlamydia, chronic bronchitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, helicobacter pylori, small animal bites, Lyme diseases, acne Bulgaris

41
Q

tetracycline: EPA

A

inhibits protein synthesis in G- and G+ only when resistance dose not develop (common)

42
Q

tetracycline: ADR

A

GI issues, super infections, renal and hepatotoxicity, slowed bone growth, photosensitivity, discolored tooth enamel and gum hypoplasia in children under 8

43
Q

tetracycline: contraindication

A
  • aluminum-calcium-iron-magnesium products decrease absorption
  • decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
  • avoid dairy products within 2 hours
  • teratogenic
  • caution during lactation, renal and liver impairment
44
Q

tetracycline: RN Intervention

A
  • monitor BUN/ CRE and liver function
  • work best on empty stomach (1 hr before or 2 hrs after)
  • report watery stools
  • Report s/sx of liver damage (yellowing)
45
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): class

A

sulfonamides

46
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): Use

A

UTIs, 2/2 enterobacteriaceae, pneumocystis, ulcerative colitis, topically for burns and wounds

47
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): EPA

A

halt multiplication of new bacteria/ inhibits folic acid

48
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): ADR

A

GI effects (N/V/D), GI bleeding, pancreatitis, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pruritis, urticarial, stevens-Johnson syndrome, renal issues, hyperkalemia

49
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): contraindication

A
  • do not use in children less than 2 months
  • teratogenic
  • displaces bilirubin from binding to albumin -> hyperbilirubinemia -> toxicity
  • inhibits CYP450 system -> multiple drug/herb interaction
50
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim): RN Interventions

A
  • monitor BUN/CRE, postassium, CBC
  • discontinue drug at first sign of a rash
  • monitor for GI bleeding
  • avoid concurrent use of NSAIDS/salicylates
51
Q

erythromycin: class

A

macrolides

52
Q

other macrolides

A

azithromycin (Zithromax) Z-pack

53
Q

erythromycin: Use

A

PCN substitute, Legionnaires disease, upper resp. infections 2/2 group B strep, dental procedures for those with mechanical heart valves and allergy to PCN

54
Q

erythromycin: EPA

A

inhibits microbial protein synthesis -> cell death

55
Q

erythromycin: ADR

A

GI effects, hepatotoxicity, colitis, CNA effects, ototoxicity, cardiac effects such as ventricular dysthymias, superinfection, cdiff

56
Q

erythromycin: Contraindication

A
  • USE CAUTION with liver insufficiency or disease, many drug on drug interactions
  • caution with pregnancy and lactation
57
Q

erythromycin: RN intervention

A
  • monitor liver function (jaundice)
  • assess cardiac status and CNS effects
  • report changes in hearing or watery diarrhea

Pharmacology Final Exam (4 decks)

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